歷年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解1994年05

[00:00.77]1994 Passage5 [00:03.29]Discoveries in science and technology [00:06.22]are thought by "untaught minds" [00:08.74]to come in blinding flashes [00:11.06]or as the result of dramatic accidents. [00:14.29]Sir Alexander Fleming did not, [00:16.72]as legend would have it, [00:18.53]look at the mold on a piece of cheese [00:20.85]and get the idea for penicillin there and then. [00:24.88]He experimented with antibacterial substances [00:27.91]for nine years before he made his discovery. [00:31.84]Inventions and innovations almost always come out [00:35.22]of laborious trial and error. [00:38.05]Innovation is like soccer; [00:40.36]even the best players miss the goal [00:42.59]and have their shots blocked much more frequently [00:45.61]than they score. [00:47.62]The point is that the players [00:49.36]who score most are the ones [00:51.18]who take the most shots at the goal [00:54.00]--and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. [00:58.54]The prime difference between innovators [01:01.06]and others is one of approach. [01:03.98]Everybody gets ideas, [01:05.50]but innovators work consciously on theirs, [01:08.73]and they follow them through [01:10.45]until they prove practicable or otherwise. [01:14.18]What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, [01:17.90]professional innovators see as solid possibilities. [01:22.54]"Creative thinking may mean simply the realization [01:25.77]that there's no particular virtue in doing things the way [01:28.80]they have always been done," [01:30.71]wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. [01:34.34]This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations [01:37.98]like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels [01:42.21]that make life more convenient: [01:44.82]"How come nobody thought of that before?" [01:48.34]The creative approach begins with the proposition [01:51.58]that nothing is as it appears. [01:53.99]Innovators will not accept [01:55.70]that there is only one way to do anything. [01:58.83]Faced with getting from A to B, [02:01.14]the average person will automatically set out [02:03.87]on the best-known and apparently simplest route. [02:07.71]The innovator will search for alternate courses, [02:10.74]which may prove easier in the long run [02:13.06]and are bound to be more interesting [02:14.97]and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. [02:19.30]Highly creative individuals really do march to [02:22.52]a different drummer.

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