口語進(jìn)階-敘事口語材料：中國萬里長城

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原文及翻譯

The Great Wall of China is famous in North America, and many tourists would like to travel there. However, most North Americans don't know very much about Chinese history. That is changing now, as China is becoming an important subject for study in the west. The settled communities of China were targets for nomadic raids since earliest times. 

中國的長城在北美很有名，很多游客都想去那里旅游。然而，大多數(shù)北美人對(duì)中國歷史知之甚少?，F(xiàn)在這種情況正在改變，因?yàn)橹袊蔀槲鞣窖芯康闹匾n題。自古以來，中國的定居社區(qū)就是游牧民族襲擊的目標(biāo)。

For much of its early history, China was not fully unified. However, Shi Huangdi, who died in 210 BC, united the whole country. Then he said about defending China from the northern nomads. It seems likely there have been defensive walls in the north before him. However, Shi Huangdi had a wall constructed across the entire north of China. This defensive wall extended for almost 2,000 miles and had 25 thousand towers. 

在早期歷史的大部分時(shí)間里，中國并沒有完全統(tǒng)一。然而，公元前 210 年去世的秦始皇統(tǒng)一了整個(gè)國家。然后他說要保衛(wèi)中國免受北方游牧民族的侵?jǐn)_。在他之前，北方似乎也有防御墻。然而，秦始皇修建了一堵橫跨中國整個(gè)北方的城墻。這堵防御墻綿延近 2,000 英里，有 25,000 座塔樓。

Such walls were very expensive to build; they also required huge numbers of men to construct them and later to defend them. Even so, the Great Wall did not stop nomadic invasions altogether. Not long after Shi Huangdi's death, a tribe called the Huns crossed the wall. The Emperor Qin Shi Huang, who expanded Chinese power beyond the wall, defeated them. 

建造這樣的城墻非常昂貴；它們還需要大量的人力來建造它們，后來還要保衛(wèi)它們。即便如此，長城并沒有完全阻止游牧民族的入侵。秦始皇死后不久，一個(gè)叫匈奴的部落越過了長城。秦始皇將中國勢(shì)力擴(kuò)展到長城之外，打敗了他們。

Centuries later, the Mongols to the north of China were united under Genghis Khan. The Mongols attacked China, and Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis, became the first non-Chinese emperor of China in 1279.

幾個(gè)世紀(jì)后，中國北方的蒙古人在成吉思汗的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下統(tǒng)一起來。蒙古人進(jìn)攻中國，成吉思汗的孫子忽必烈于 1279 年成為中國第一位非中國皇帝。

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