VOA慢速英語：川普下令改革H-1B簽證程序

US President Orders Changes to H1-B Visa Program

川普下令改革H-1B簽證程序

U.S. President Donald Trump has signed an executive order directing federal agencies to propose changes to the H-1B program. The program is used to bring highly skilled foreign workers to the United States.

美國總統(tǒng) 唐納德·特朗普簽署了一份執(zhí)行命令用來引導(dǎo)聯(lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)H-1B 簽證做出一些改變。這項(xiàng)簽證計(jì)劃常被用來把高技術(shù)人才吸引到美國。

Trump signed the order called “Buy American, Hire American” during his Tuesday visit at an American company in the state of Wisconsin. During the presidential campaign, Trump had promised to change the country’s immigration policies.

特朗普在這周二訪問威斯康辛一所美國工廠的時(shí)候所簽訂的稱為“買美國人的商品，雇傭美國公民”的命令。在總統(tǒng)大選期間，特朗普曾經(jīng)承諾過要改變國家的移民政策。

A senior Trump administration official says the order calls for “the strict enforcement of all laws governing entry into the United States of labor from abroad.”

一位在地方辦公室的高級(jí)官員稱這項(xiàng)命令為：所有法律規(guī)定政府要加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管從境外來美國的務(wù)工者。

The order directs the departments of Labor, Justice, Homeland Security and State to take action against fraud and abuse in the immigration system to protect American workers. It also directs the departments to propose reforms to ensure that H-1B visas are given only to the most-skilled or highest-paid applicants.

這項(xiàng)命令指導(dǎo)著勞動(dòng)部門，司法部門，國土安全部門以及各州抵抗利用和濫用移民政策的行為來保護(hù)美國工人。同時(shí)引導(dǎo)著各部門實(shí)行改革來確保H-1B 簽證僅僅對(duì)于技術(shù)含量高和高薪申請(qǐng)者發(fā)放。

The H-1B visa program is designed for foreigners to work for American companies in jobs that usually require higher education -- including scientists, engineers or computer programmers. The government uses a lottery system to give 65,000 visas every year. It gives another 20,000 visas to graduate student workers.

H-1B 簽證計(jì)劃是針對(duì)于那些為美國公司工作的高學(xué)歷人才。包括科學(xué)家，機(jī)械學(xué)家和電腦程序員。政府利用搖獎(jiǎng)系統(tǒng)每年來給出65000個(gè)簽證名額。對(duì)于畢業(yè)生和工人再額外發(fā)放20000個(gè)。

The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services says the number of applications for H-1B visas fell to 199,000 this year from 236,000 in 2016.

美國移民局稱申請(qǐng)H-1B簽證的人從2016的23.6萬人降到了19.9萬人。

American companies say they use the visas to recruit highly skilled workers. A majority of the H-1B visas, however, are given to overseas companies that then send workers to American companies.

美國公司稱他們利用這些簽證名額來吸收高技能的人才，然而，大部分的H-1B 簽證給了海外公司繼而他們會(huì)給美國公司輸送一些人才。

Some critics say those foreign companies give the visas to people to perform lower-level information technology, or IT, jobs. Critics also say the lottery system works in the favor of the large firms that submit a large number of applications.

一些評(píng)論家說這些外資企業(yè)把簽證名額給了一些低水平信息產(chǎn)業(yè)，或者信息技術(shù)的工作者。評(píng)論家還說到搖獎(jiǎng)系統(tǒng)比較傾向于那些提交了大量申請(qǐng)人數(shù)的大企業(yè)。

A Trump administration official says the way the system now works, foreign workers are able to come to the United States and replace American workers because the foreign workers accept lower wages than Americans. The official says this violates “the principle of the program.” The administration has said large American technology companies have been using the program to hire large numbers of foreign workers, lowering wages for Americans.

一位特朗普政府官員提到這種運(yùn)行方式現(xiàn)在起到作用了，國外工人能夠來到美國取代美國工人的位置。因?yàn)楸绕鹈绹と?，國外工人更能接受低薪的工作。官員說這項(xiàng)命令違反了“項(xiàng)目的原則”。行政局稱大多數(shù)的美國技術(shù)型企業(yè)都用這個(gè)項(xiàng)目以對(duì)于美國來說較低的薪資來雇傭

The Reuters news agency examined U.S. Labor Department records and found that more than 15 percent of Facebook’s employees in the United States in 2016 used a temporary work visa.

路透社測試美國勞工部記錄發(fā)現(xiàn)了美國超過15%社交網(wǎng)站的員工在2016年擁有的是臨時(shí)工作簽證

Employers including Walt Disney World and the University of California in San Francisco have replaced American technology workers with H-1B visa holders. Some of the American workers were forced to train the foreign workers who replaced them.

包括迪士尼世界和在舊金山的加利福尼亞大學(xué)在內(nèi)的雇主已經(jīng)取代持有H-1B簽證的美國技術(shù)工人。一些美國工人還被迫去培訓(xùn)那些取代他們位置的國外工人。