歷年考研英語(yǔ)翻譯2006年

[00:05.80]2006 [00:08.42]Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected [00:11.64]and considered of no account in his society? [00:15.26]I am going to suggest that it is not true. [00:18.61]Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed [00:22.44]that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. [00:26.37]But they have done more than that. [00:28.49]They have grown dissatisfied with the role of the intellectual. [00:32.22]It is they, not America, [00:34.25]who have become anti-intellectual. [00:36.76]First, the object of our study pleads for definition. [00:40.59]What is an intellectual? [00:42.81](1) [00:45.02]who has elected as his primary duty [00:47.24]and pleasure in life the activity of thinking [00:50.00]in a Socratic (蘇格拉底的) way about moral problems.> [00:53.53]He explores such problems consciously, articulately, [00:56.76]and frankly, first by asking factual questions, [01:00.38]then by asking moral questions, [01:03.01]finally by suggesting action [01:05.23]which seems appropriate in the light of the factual [01:08.35]and moral information which he has obtained. [01:11.61](2) [01:14.74]who must accept the obligation of revealing [01:17.39]in as obvious a manner as possible [01:19.99]the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.> [01:23.62]This definition excludes many individuals [01:26.46]usually referred to as intellectuals [01:28.97]--the average scientist, for one. [01:31.29](3) [01:33.40]while his accomplishments may contribute [01:35.53]to the solution of moral problems, [01:37.64]he has not been charged with the task [01:40.17]of approaching any but the factual aspects [01:42.98]of those problems.> [01:44.81]Like other human beings, [01:46.43]he encounters moral issues even [01:48.45]in the every-day performance of his routine duties [01:51.67]--he is not supposed to cook his experiments, [01:54.19]manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. [01:57.42](4) [02:00.07]about the moral code which governs his activity, [02:03.29]any more than a businessman [02:04.91]is expected to dedicate his energies [02:07.23]to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.> [02:11.06]During most of his waking life [02:12.68]he will take his code for granted, [02:15.01]as the businessman takes his ethics. [02:17.72]The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, [02:21.65]despite the fact that teaching [02:23.26]has traditionally been the method [02:24.98]whereby many intellectuals earn their living. [02:27.80](5) [02:29.41]and more than earn their salaries, [02:31.43]but most of them make little [02:32.94]or no independent reflections on human problems [02:35.97]which involve moral judgment.> [02:38.18]This description even fits the majority [02:40.26]of eminent scholars. [02:42.07]Being learned in some branch [02:43.69]of human knowledge is one thing; [02:45.49]living in "public and illustrious thoughts," [02:47.82]as Emerson would say, is something else.

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