國(guó)家地理:用吐槽的方式談科學(xué)效果更好(1)

It might have been Stephen Colbert, John Oliver, Jimmy Kimmel, or any of the other sharp-tongued talk show hosts of late-night TV. In this instance, it was Samantha Bee, on her program Full Frontal, doing a stand-up routine about opposition to childhood vaccinations. "The anti-vax movement has been spreading faster than Legionnaires' disease at the Playboy Mansion," Bee declared, barely pausing for audience laughter. Claims that these vaccines are harmful rest on shoddy science, she said; the vaccines have been deemed safe by the World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Who are you going to believe?" she asked. "Leading authorities on medical science, or 800 memes on your cousin's Facebook page?"

以前是斯蒂芬·科爾伯特，約翰·奧利弗，吉米·坎摩爾或其他言語(yǔ)尖刻的深夜電視脫口秀節(jié)目主持人。這次是薩曼莎·比，她在節(jié)目《正面交鋒》中，來(lái)了一段關(guān)于反對(duì)兒童接種疫苗的例行單口相聲。薩曼莎·比宣稱，“反疫苗接種運(yùn)動(dòng)的傳播速度，比花花公子豪宅中軍團(tuán)病的蔓延速度還要快”，這隨即引發(fā)了全場(chǎng)哄笑，節(jié)目差點(diǎn)中斷。薩曼莎·比表示，有人聲稱這些疫苗是建立在偽科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)上的有害物質(zhì)，但這些疫苗其實(shí)已被世界衛(wèi)生組織和疾病控制與預(yù)防中心認(rèn)定是安全的。她發(fā)問(wèn)道：“你該信誰(shuí)？是醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的權(quán)威，還是你表弟臉書(shū)上的800個(gè)表情包？”

Joking about science can have serious effects, according to studies by communication scholars, us among them. Since 2013, Paul has conducted three studies of how satire can influence people's beliefs about issues such as climate change, genetically modified foods, and vaccinations. We worked together on two of these studies, and with other colleagues Jessica recently tested whether late-night television can debunk misperceptions of vaccines. Our and others' research has shown that if you want to interest people in science and shape their views on hot-button science issues, satirical humor can work better than a straitlaced approach.

根據(jù)傳播學(xué)者的研究，開(kāi)一些有關(guān)科學(xué)的玩笑，可以對(duì)我們的科學(xué)觀點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生很大的影響。自2013年以來(lái)，保羅進(jìn)行了三項(xiàng)研究，研究吐槽如何影響人們對(duì)氣候變化、轉(zhuǎn)基因食品和疫苗接種等問(wèn)題的看法。其中兩項(xiàng)研究我們合作完成，而杰西卡最近與其他同事一起測(cè)試了深夜電視秀是否可以揭露人們對(duì)疫苗的誤解。我們的測(cè)試以及其他的研究表明，如果你想讓人們對(duì)科學(xué)感興趣，并對(duì)熱門(mén)科學(xué)問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生看法，那么諷刺幽默比其他刻板的方法效果更好。

We completed our research before the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States, but many of the insights might apply to satire addressing public health issues during the pandemic. And some of the comedians we mention -- including John Oliver, Trevor Noah, and Samantha Bee -- have featured a steady stream of coronavirus-related satire on their programs.

我們?cè)诿绹?guó)爆發(fā)COVID-19之前就已經(jīng)完成了測(cè)試，但其中很多見(jiàn)解可能適用于大流行期間解決公共衛(wèi)生問(wèn)題。我們提到的一些喜劇演員，包括約翰·奧利弗、特雷弗·諾亞和薩曼莎·比，在他們的節(jié)目中已經(jīng)頻繁地出現(xiàn)了與冠狀病毒相關(guān)的吐槽。