工商管理英語Chapter 1 計劃

[00:00.00]project n. [00:00.47]項目 [00:00.94]finance n. vi. [00:01.53]財政 籌資 [00:02.12]accounting n. [00:02.80]會計 [00:03.47]advertising a. n. [00:04.10]廣告 廣告業(yè) [00:04.73]graduate vi. [00:05.43]畢業(yè) [00:06.14]prototype n. [00:06.73]原型 [00:07.31]seminar n. [00:07.89]研討會 [00:08.46]MD:OK,let's have a look very briefly at the current depertmental projects. [00:11.21]總經理：好的，我們來簡要地看看各部門目前規(guī)劃的情況。 [00:13.95]Why don't we start with EDP? [00:15.23]我們何不從電子數據處理部開始呢? [00:16.51]What are you working on at the moment? [00:17.55]你們目前在進行哪方面的工作? [00:18.60]EDP:we're doing a user study for the installation of the new micros. [00:20.64]電子數據處理部：我們正在進行一項安裝新微機的用戶調研。 [00:22.67]So we're talking to all the new users at the moment. [00:24.62]所以現在正與所有的新用戶談。 [00:26.57]MD:right,what about finance? [00:27.81]總經理：好的，財務部怎么樣? [00:29.05]I believe you are thinking of changing our accounting system. [00:31.29]我想你們是在考慮更換我們的會計體系吧? [00:33.54]FM：Yes,that's right. [00:34.29]財務經理：對，是這樣。 [00:35.03]We're having problems with the old system so we're looking into a new accounting system. [00:38.61]舊的會計體系給我們造成許多麻煩，所以我們在研究一種新的會計體系。 [00:42.19]MD:Fine,let's move on to marketing. [00:43.87]很好。下面，我們來談談市場部的情況吧。 [00:45.56]Are you working on any special project? [00:46.96]你們目前開展有什么具體計劃嗎? [00:48.35]MM:Not really;but we are planning an advertising campaign for our new product. [00:50.85]銷售部經理：沒有，不過我們正計劃為我們的新產品開展一項宣傳活動。 [00:53.34]MD:Interesting. [00:54.31]總經理：這很不錯。 [00:55.28]I look forward to seeing it. [00:56.35]我盼著這活動的開展呢。 [00:57.42]What about Production? [00:58.54]生產部的情況怎么樣? [00:59.66]PM：Well,as you know,we are currently installing the new automated assembly line. [01:02.47]生產部經理：噢，您知道，目前我們正在安裝新的自動裝配線。 [01:05.28]MD:Of course.You must be pretty busy. [01:07.04]總經理：很好。你們一定很忙。 [01:08.81]Personnel,what are you doing? [01:10.11]人事部，你們在忙什么呢? [01:11.42]PeM:We're trying to recruit new young graduates at the moment. [01:12.91]人事部經理：我們現在正設法招聘新出校門的年輕畢業(yè)生。 [01:14.40]MD:How's that going? [01:15.28]總經理：進行得怎么樣? [01:16.17]PeM:Fine. [01:16.66]人事部經理：挺好。 [01:17.14]MD:Well,the Administration Department is not represented here today. [01:20.21]總經理：很好，今天行政部沒有代表出席。 [01:23.28]They are moving to new offices next week,so they've got their hands full. [01:26.60]他們下周要搬到新辦公室去，所以騰不出手來。 [01:29.91]Research and Development department is also very busy they're testing the new prototype. [01:33.77]研究開發(fā)部也特別忙在測試新的樣品。 [01:37.62]That just leaves Transport and Management Services.John? [01:40.15]這樣就只剩下運輸部和管理服務部了。約翰? [01:42.69]TM:The Transport Department is rationalizing the distribution network [01:45.01]運輸部經理：運輸部在對送貨網絡進行合理化改革 [01:47.34]so we're hoping for some big cost cuts in the near future. [01:49.44]所以我們盼望著不久的將來就能大大降低成本。 [01:51.54]MD:Good.And Management Service? [01:52.77]部經理：好。那么管理服務部呢? [01:54.00]MSM:Well,we haven't got anything we're working on just at the moment. [01:56.04]管理服務部經理：眼下我們還沒有具體的工作。 [01:58.07]but we are running a series of quality training seminars next month. [02:00.69]不過下個月要開辦一系列的質量培訓班。 [02:03.30]MD:Right,that just about covers it. [02:04.76]總經理：好吧，我們要計論的大概就這么多了。 [02:06.22]mission n. [02:06.80]宗旨 [02:07.37]objectives n. [02:08.20]目標 [02:09.02]stated objectives [02:09.87]宣稱的目標 [02:10.72]real objectives [02:11.55]真實的目標 [02:12.39]decision n. [02:13.09]決策 [02:13.80]procedure n. [02:14.41]程序 [02:15.03]well_structured problems [02:16.10]結構良好問題 [02:17.17]ill_structured problems [02:18.24]結構不良問題 [02:19.31]programmed decision [02:20.32]程序化決策 [02:21.32]non programmed decision [02:22.35]非程序化決策 [02:23.39]group decision_making [02:24.29]群體決策 [02:25.19]individual decision-making [02:26.48]個人決策 [02:27.77]brainstorming [02:28.56]頭腦風暴法 [02:29.34]nominal group technique [02:30.44]名義群體法 [02:31.54]electronic meeting [02:32.48]電子會議 [02:33.42]rule n. [02:34.11]規(guī)則 [02:34.80]policy n. [02:35.27]政策 [02:35.74]The planning function involves defining an organization's goals. [02:38.16]計劃職能包括定義組織的目標。 [02:40.57]establishing an overall strategy for achieving these goals, [02:42.80]制定全面戰(zhàn)略以實現這些目標， [02:45.02]and developing a comprehensive hierarchy of plans to integrate and coordinate activities. [02:48.35]開發(fā)一個全面的分層計劃體系，以綜合和協(xié)調各種活動。 [02:51.68]Planning establishes coordinated effort. [02:53.40]計劃是一種協(xié)調過程。 [02:55.12]It gives direction,reduces the impact of change,minimizes waste and redundancy, [02:59.15]它指明方向，減少變化的沖擊，使浪費和冗余減至最少， [03:03.17]and sets the standards used in controlling operations. [03:05.23]并設立控制的標準。 [03:07.30]For the most part,operational planning dominates the planning activities of lower_level managers. [03:11.39]在大多數情況下，基層管理者的計劃活動主要是制定作業(yè)計劃。 [03:15.47]As managers move up the hierarchy,their planning role becomes more strategy-oriented. [03:19.17]當管理者在組織中的等級上升時，他的計劃角色就更具戰(zhàn)略導向。 [03:22.87]Strategic plans cover an extensive time period(typically five or more years), [03:25.78]戰(zhàn)略計劃覆蓋較長的時間(通常為五年或更長)， [03:28.69]cover broad issues,and include the formulation of objectives. [03:31.03]涉及廣泛的問題，并包括制定目標。 [03:33.37]Operational plans cover shorter periods of time,focus on specifics, [03:36.33]作業(yè)計劃覆蓋較短的時間，集中于具體的問題。 [03:39.30]and assume that objectives are already known. [03:41.20]并假定目標是已知的。 [03:43.11]Strategic plans cover an extensive time period(typically five or more years), [03:46.10]戰(zhàn)略計劃覆蓋較長的時間(通常為五年或更長)， [03:49.09]cover broad issues,and include the formulation of objectives. [03:51.16]涉及廣泛的問題，并包括制定目標。 [03:53.22]Strategic plans [03:54.00]戰(zhàn)略計劃 [03:54.79]Operation plans [03:55.59]作業(yè)計劃 [03:56.38]Short_term plans [03:57.13]短期計劃 [03:57.87]Long_term plans [03:58.60]長期計劃 [03:59.33]Specific plans [03:59.96]具體計劃 [04:00.59]Directional plans [04:01.28]指導性計劃 [04:01.97]Directional plans are preferred over specific plans when uncertainty is high and when the organization is in the formative and the decline stages of its life cycle. [04:08.78]當環(huán)境的不確定性提高，以及當組織處于生命周期的形成階段或衰退階段時，指導性計劃比具體計劃更可取。 [04:15.58]Commitment concept means that plans should extend far enough to meet those commitments made today. [04:19.37]許諾概念是指計劃期限應該延伸到足夠遠，以便在此期限中能夠實現當前的許諾。 [04:23.16]Planning for too long or for too short a period is inefficient. [04:25.65]計劃對太長的期限和太短的期限都是無效的。 [04:28.15]Three contingency factors in planning include a manager's level in the organization, [04:31.20]計劃過程存在著三種權變因素，包括管理者所處的組織層次。 [04:34.26]the degree of environmental uncertainty,and the length of future commitments. [04:37.09]環(huán)境的不確定性以及未來許諾的時間長度。 [04:39.93]Objectives are the foundation of planning. [04:41.82]目標是計劃的基礎。 [04:43.72]Objectives are desired outcomes for individuals,groups or entire organizations. [04:46.86]目標是個人、小組或整個組織希望的成果。 [04:50.01]Traditional objective setting means that objectives are set at the top and then broken down into subgoals for each level in an organization. [04:55.43]傳統(tǒng)的目標設定的方法是指目標同組織的最高管理者設定，然后分解成子目標落實到組織的各個層次上。 [05:00.85]The top imposes its standards on everyone below. [05:03.23]最高管理者將目標強加于下屬。 [05:05.61]Management by objectives(MBO)is a system in which specific performance objectives are jointly determined by subordinates and their superiors, [05:11.69]目標管理是一套系統(tǒng)，在這個系統(tǒng)中，下級與他們的上司共同確定具體的績效目標。 [05:17.78]progress toward objectives is periodically reviewed,and rewards are allocated on the basis of this progress. [05:22.70]并且定期檢查完成目標的進展情況，而獎勵則是根據目標的完成情況來確定的。 [05:27.63]Strategic management process is an eight_step process that encompasses strategic planning,implementation and evaluation. [05:32.81]戰(zhàn)備管理過程包含八個步驟，是一個制定戰(zhàn)略計劃，實施戰(zhàn)略和評價戰(zhàn)略的過程。 [05:38.00]In a dynamic and uncertain environment,strategic planning is important. [05:40.75]在動態(tài)的和不確定的環(huán)境下，戰(zhàn)略計劃是重要的。 [05:43.51]because it can provide managers with a systematic and comprehensive means for analyzing the environment, [05:48.23]這是因為它能使管理者以系統(tǒng)的和綜合的方式分析環(huán)境， [05:52.94]assessing their organization's strengths and weaknesses, [05:55.12]評價組織的優(yōu)勢和劣勢， [05:57.30]and identifying opportunities for which they could develop and exploit a competitive advantage. [06:00.65]以及發(fā)現組織有可能具有競爭優(yōu)勢的機會。 [06:03.99]The term SWOT analysis refers to analyzing the organization's internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats in order to identify a niche that the organization can exploit. [06:13.11]SWOT分析是指分析組織內部的優(yōu)勢和劣勢以及外部的機會和威脅以便發(fā)現組織能夠開發(fā)的細分市場。 [06:22.22]The BCG matrix identifies four business groups:stars,cash cows,question marks,and dogs. [06:26.99]BCG矩陣區(qū)分出四種業(yè)務組合：吉星，現金牛，問號和瘦狗。 [06:31.76]At the business level,there are four adaptive strategies. [06:33.80]在事業(yè)層存在四種適應戰(zhàn)略。 [06:35.83]Defenders operate in stable environments and produce a limited set of products for a narrow market segment. [06:41.01]防御者運作在穩(wěn)定的環(huán)境中，為狹窄的細分市場生產有限的一組產品。 [06:46.18]Prospectors operate in a dynamic environment,innovate,and seek flexibility. [06:49.51]探索者運作在運態(tài)的環(huán)境中，追求創(chuàng)新和靈活性。 [06:52.84]Analyzers minimize risk and maximize profit opportunities by seeking both flexibility and stability. [06:56.77]分析者同時尋求靈活性和穩(wěn)定性，使風險最小化和利潤機會最大化。 [07:00.70]Reactors are inconsistent and reluctant to commit themselves to any one specific situation. [07:04.63]反應者不能在任何特定情況下做出前后一致的和果斷的承諾。 [07:08.56]Management assesses its organization's competitive advantage by analyzing the forces that dictate the rules of competition within its industry, [07:14.46]管理者通過分析產業(yè)中支配競爭規(guī)則的力量， [07:20.35](barriers to entry,substitutes,bargaining power of buyers and suppliers,and current competitive rivalry), [07:24.54](進入障礙、替代品、購買者和供應者的討價能力、競爭者之間的競爭)， [07:28.73]and then selecting a strategy(cost leadership,differentiation,or focus)that best exploits its competitive advantage. [07:33.62]然后選擇最能發(fā)揮競爭優(yōu)勢的競爭戰(zhàn)略(成本領先，差別化，專一化戰(zhàn)略)。 [07:38.50]And then selecting a strategy(cost leadership,differentiation,or focus)that best exploits competitive advantage. [07:43.14]選擇最能發(fā)揮競爭優(yōu)勢的競爭戰(zhàn)略(成本領先、差別化、專一戰(zhàn)略)。 [07:47.77]corporate_level strategy [07:48.91]公司層戰(zhàn)略 [07:50.05]stability strategy [07:50.88]穩(wěn)定性戰(zhàn)略 [07:51.72]growth strategy [07:52.39]增長戰(zhàn)略 [07:53.05]retrenchment strategy [07:53.87]收縮戰(zhàn)略 [07:54.70]combination strategy [07:55.55]組合戰(zhàn)略 [07:56.40]business_level strategy [07:57.23]事業(yè)層戰(zhàn)略 [07:58.07]adaptive strategy [07:59.01]適應戰(zhàn)略 [07:59.95]competitive strategy [08:00.80]競爭戰(zhàn)略 [08:01.65]cost_leadership strategy [08:02.64]成本領先戰(zhàn)略 [08:03.63]differentiation strategy [08:04.66]專一化戰(zhàn)略 [08:05.69]focus strategy [08:06.45]專一化戰(zhàn)略 [08:07.21]functional_level strategy [08:08.08]職能層戰(zhàn)略

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