國(guó)際關(guān)系英語(yǔ)詞匯大全Unit 35

　　英語(yǔ)單詞講解 unit 35

　　1.Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations

　　The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961 is an international treaty that defines a framework for diplomatic relations between independent countries. It specifies the privileges of a diplomatic mission that enable diplomats to perform their function without fear of coercion or harassment by the host country. This forms the legal basis for diplomatic immunity. Its articles are considered a cornerstone of modern international relations. As of April 2014, it has been ratified by 190 states.

　　1.維也納外交關(guān)系公約

　　《維也納外交關(guān)系公約》是一個(gè)國(guó)際公約，于1961年4月18日在奧地利維也納召開(kāi)的聯(lián)合國(guó)關(guān)于外交交往與豁免的會(huì)議上簽訂，1964年4月24日生效，最初的簽約國(guó)有60個(gè)。該公約為獨(dú)立國(guó)家之間的外交關(guān)系訂立了基本的條條框框，明文規(guī)定了外交人員在所駐的國(guó)家享有什么外交特權(quán)從而能在無(wú)恐懼、無(wú)脅迫、無(wú)騷擾的情況下履行外交職責(zé)。該公約奠定了外交豁免權(quán)的法律基礎(chǔ)，公約當(dāng)中的眾多條文成為了現(xiàn)代國(guó)際關(guān)系的基石。中國(guó)于1975年11月25日加入該公約。

　　2.Multilateralism

　　In international relations, multilateralism is multiple countries working in concert on a given issue.

　　2.多邊主義

　　多邊主義，是指多個(gè)不同的國(guó)家，而不是單一國(guó)家，一起合作處理問(wèn)題、解決紛爭(zhēng)的理念。

　　3.Memorandum

　　A memorandum can have only a certain number of formats; it may have a format specific to an office or institution. In law specifically, a memorandum is a record of the terms of a transaction or contract, such as a policy memo, memorandum of understanding, memorandum of agreement, or memorandum of association. Alternative formats include memos, briefing notes, reports, letters or binders. They could be one page long or many. They may be considered as grey literature. If the user is a cabinet minister or a senior executive, the format might be rigidly defined and limited to one or two pages. If the user is a colleague, the format is usually much more flexible. At its most basic level, a memorandum can be a handwritten note to one's supervisor. In business, a memo is typically used by firms for internal communication, as opposed to letters which are typically for external communication.

　　3.備忘錄

　　備忘錄，意指任何一種能夠幫助記憶，簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)明主題與相關(guān)事件的書(shū)面資料。在商業(yè)辦公、法律文件或外交談判中，一些非正式或半正式的文件通常都會(huì)被稱為備忘錄，可以是簡(jiǎn)單的字條、文件，或是通訊記錄。備忘錄可以有各種形式，也不一定有固定格式，各個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)部可以自行決定它的格式。在中國(guó)大陸政府及國(guó)有企業(yè)內(nèi)部的會(huì)議中，備忘錄被稱為會(huì)議紀(jì)要，有時(shí)可以發(fā)揮行政上的契約和指令作用。作為法律文書(shū)，備忘錄記錄了某些交易或是契約，但是缺乏完整的法律強(qiáng)制性，其中包括了政治備忘錄、諒解備忘錄、協(xié)議備忘錄、聯(lián)合備忘錄等。