第十四章 介詞 by 的用法

　　1. by:

　　l)在……旁邊，從……旁邊：

　　Come over here and stand by me.

　　過(guò)來(lái)站在我旁邊。

　　He put it on the table by the window.

　　他把它放在窗邊的那張桌子上。

　　He passed by me without noticing me.

　　他從我身旁走旅，但是沒(méi)看到我。

　　2)到(某時(shí)候):

　　Perhaps she has recovered by now.

　　現(xiàn)在她或許已經(jīng)痊愈了。

　　The sun had set by this time.

　　到這時(shí)太陽(yáng)己經(jīng)落山了。

　　Just be here by eight.

　　八點(diǎn)前到這里。

　　3)由(被)(某人干的):

　　The postman was bitten by the dog.

　　郵差給狗咬了?

　　Who is that book by?

　　這書(shū)是誰(shuí)寫(xiě)的?

　　The play was written by a student.

　　這個(gè)劇本是一個(gè)學(xué)生寫(xiě)的。

　　4)以(某種伐式):

　　We learn to swim by swimming.

　　我們?cè)谟斡局袑W(xué)游泳。

　　Please let me know by telegram.

　　請(qǐng)以電報(bào)通知我。

　　Don’t judge a man by his clothes.

　　不要以衣著判斷人。

　　5)乘坐(車(chē)、船等):

　　I came by bus(subway).

　　我是坐公共汽車(chē)(地鐵)來(lái)的。

　　We are going by the 9:30 train.

　　我們坐九點(diǎn)三十的火車(chē)去。

　　I prefer to go by plane (boat).

　　我寧愿坐飛機(jī)(船)去。

　　6)在(本性、職業(yè))上：

　　She is generous by nature.

　　她天生很慷慨。

　　He was tolerant by temperament.

　　他性格很寬容。

　　I am not an actor by profession.

　　我不是職業(yè)演員。

　　7)表示程度尺寸等：

　　Total commodity stocks grew by 4.5 percent.

　　商品總庫(kù)存量增長(zhǎng)了百分之四點(diǎn)五。

　　Fares have been increased by 10%.

　　票價(jià)上漲了百分之十。

　　The room is thirty feet by twenty.

　　這間房長(zhǎng)二十英尺，寬二十英尺。