百科知識視頻之煎蛋小學堂32 環(huán)保新理念 - “均衡捕魚論”

Anyone who goes fishing probably has a fishy story about "the one that got away,"It was this big,doncha know.Yah,that was a bummer...but it's actually quite important that big fish get away,both for fish and fishermen.For most of the species that we fish,commercial and recreational fishermen are only allowed to keep individuals.about a minimum legal size.

每一個釣魚的人都有個 大魚脫鉤的故事。你要知道 它老大了。嗯 是很悲催。但對于魚和漁夫們來說 大魚脫鉤卻十分重要。對于我們釣上來絕大多數(shù)的魚種而言，職業(yè)和休閑漁民僅可以保留那些超過 最小合法尺寸的魚。

The idea behind these laws is to protect juveniles so they can grow big enough to reproduce at least once before becoming our dinner.In theory,that means there will always be enough fish for dinner tomorrow.And insuring dinner for tomorrow is important enough that the British Parliament discussed protecting young-that is,small-fish as early as 1376,and today it's a common regulation for fisheries worldwide.Except,it doesn't really work.

法律背后是為了保護魚的幼苗 使其可在被送上餐桌前 長大到至少能繁殖一次。理論上 這意味著我們明天的餐桌上魚永遠夠吃。保證明日的供應(yīng)是如此重要 以至于英國議會曾考慮過保護魚的幼苗 也就是小魚 早在1376年 而今日它仍是全世界漁民通用的規(guī)矩。只不過 這沒啥用。

First,large individuals have the greatest number of successful offspring both because bigger fish produce more eggs and because the eggs they produce ALSO contain a more generous food supply for the baby fishies.So by removing the largest fish of a given species,we severely decrease the population's ability to replenish itself.

首先 大魚繁衍后代成功率是最高的 因為大魚產(chǎn)卵更多 也因為它們產(chǎn)下的卵中 為幼魚準備的食物更充足。正因去除一種魚類中的大魚，我們極大地削弱了種群繁衍的能力。

Second,if we only remove the largest fish,that means fish that are smallfor their age and thus smaller when they first reproduce-are more likely to live long enough to make babies.

其次 如果我們僅拿走了大魚 這就意味著同齡魚類中的小魚 同時在產(chǎn)卵時體格更小 更可能活到產(chǎn)卵的時候。

So individuals with small-fish genes tend to stay in the water,reproduce and pass on their small-fish genes to new generations,while big fish and big-fish genes become rarer and rarer.We're basically breeding smaller fish,unintentionally-and it's not a small change.Size-selective fishing has caused the body mass of large commercial fish to be cut in half over the last 40 years-let me say that again:heavily-fished fish are now half the weight they used to be.

因此 攜帶小魚基因的魚更可能活下來 繁衍后代。將小魚基因傳給下一代，而大魚和大魚基因愈發(fā)稀有。我們只是在不覺中催生了小魚 但這變化來的不小。大小選擇性捕撈造成大個頭商品魚的重量 在近40年內(nèi)下降一半 讓我再說一遍 大量捕撈魚的重量比以前下降了一半。

Six-year-old haddock,for example,weigh 40% of what they did in 1970.Imagine if full-grown men weighed 65-pounds!Clearly,size-selective fishing means feser and smaller fish in the water,which suggests it's not the best way to keep our fish supply stocked for future human generations.And in fact,there's a new idea called"balanced harvesting"ready to save the day.Instead of reeling in all of the largest individuals,fishermen would catch a smaller number of fish across a wider range of sizes,keeping the numbers and sizes of fish,well,balanced.

比如 今天六年黑線鱈的重量比1970年減少了40%。想象一下只有65磅的成年人吧!顯然 大小選擇性捕撈意味著水中魚類更少 更小，也就是說 這不是保持未來魚類供應(yīng)的最佳方案。實際上 一個名為“均衡捕撈”的理念為此而生。與卷走所有大魚相反，漁民在每種大小的魚類中捕撈一小部分，保持魚類數(shù)量和尺寸的均衡。

However,old habits die hard,and the use of size limits is deeply ingrained in our collective fisheries management DNA.But sooner rather than later,we'll have to accept that it's good to let some of the "big ones"get away,for only they can change the course of fishtory.

但是 舊習難除 大小限制深深地扎根在 我們漁業(yè)管理的DNA中。但不久之后 我們必須接受 讓一些大魚溜走是好事，只有它們能夠改變捕魚的歷史。