英語聽力小短文走遍全世界36: 多元文化與犯罪

英語聽力原文：

Crime is increasing world wide. There is every reason to believe the trend will continue through the next few decades.

世界范圍的犯罪正在增加。有許多理由讓我們相信這種趨勢在未來的幾十年將會繼續(xù)。

Crime rates have always been high in multicultural, industrialized societies such as the United States, but a new phenomenon has appeared on the world scene-rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few offences. Street crimes such as robbery, rape, murder and auto theft are clearly rising, particularly in eastern European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the united Kingdom.

犯罪率在多元文化的工業(yè)化社會中總是很高，譬如在美國，在世界范圍出現(xiàn)了一種新現(xiàn)象，就是在以前很少報道有犯罪的國家中，犯罪率在快速增加。類似搶劫、強(qiáng)奸、謀殺和汽車偷盜的街頭犯罪數(shù)量有顯著的增加，尤其是在匈牙利這樣的東歐國家和像英國這樣的西歐國家。

What is driving this crime explosion? There are no simple answers. Still, there are certain conditions associated with rising crime increasing heterogeneity of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, demoratization of governments, changing national borders, greater economic growth and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong.

什么造成了犯罪的爆發(fā)呢?這很難簡單回答。然而，有些因素和犯罪的增長是相關(guān)的，比如，人口更趨混雜，文化更具多元性，更多的移民，政府更加民主化，國界的變更，更多的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，缺乏可認(rèn)同的關(guān)于是非對錯的社會價值。

These conditions are increasingly observable around the world. For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogeneous, such as Japan, Denmark and Greece, are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America for most of its history.

全世界都可以看到這些因素。例如，原先被孤立的同類文化像日本、丹麥和希臘都正在面臨著文化的某種改變，而這樣的變化在美國的大部分歷史中是司空見慣的。

Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values. Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century, and failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems.

多元文化可能是一種有益的、內(nèi)容豐富的體驗，但是它也會導(dǎo)致價值觀的碰撞。社會的多樣性將是21世紀(jì)的規(guī)則，未能意識到這點，沒有準(zhǔn)備好適應(yīng)這種多樣化將會導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的犯罪問題。

英語詞匯整理：

1. multicultural adj.(融合或具有)多種文化的

eg: Singapore is a multicultural country.

新加坡是一個融合多元文化的國家

短語：

multicultural education 多元文化教育

multicultural society 多元文化社會

2. rape n. 搶奪，掠奪，強(qiáng)奸 vt. 掠奪，搶奪，強(qiáng)奸

eg: He was charged with rape.

他被控犯了強(qiáng)奸罪。

短語：

rape victim 強(qiáng)奸案的受害者

rape oil 菜油

a field of rape 油菜田

3. murder n. 謀殺，危險物 v. 謀殺，折磨

eg: The law arrived on the scene of murder.

警察來到謀殺現(xiàn)場。

短語：

get away with murder 干壞事而不受懲罰;逍遙法外，為所欲為

murder on 對……糟透了

for the murder of 由于謀殺……

a charge of murder 指控犯有謀殺罪

cry blue murder [口語]大聲驚呼，大驚小怪地叫喊，大喊救命(仿佛有人被謀殺似地)

like blue murder [口語]飛快地，以最高速度

諺語：

Murder will out. 紙包不住火;欲要人不知，除非己莫為。

The murder is out. 真相大白了;秘密揭穿了;事情敗露了。

4. theft n. 偷竊

eg: Over the last decade, auto theft has increased by over 56 percent.

過去的10年來汽車盜竊案上升了56%以上。

短語：

identity theft 身份盜竊，身份盜用

guard against theft 防盜

grand theft重偷竊罪

auto theft 汽車偷竊

5. explosion n. 爆炸，爆發(fā)，激增

eg: The study also forecast an explosion in the diet soft-drink market.

這項研究還預(yù)測了低糖軟飲料市場的暴增。

短語：

nuclear explosion 核爆炸

explosion proof 防爆

population explosion 人口激增

6. heterogeneity n. 多樣性

eg: Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century, and failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems.

社會的多樣性將是21世紀(jì)的規(guī)則，未能意識到這點，沒有準(zhǔn)備好適應(yīng)這種多樣化將會導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的犯罪問題。

短語：

soil heterogeneity 土壤差異性

microscopic heterogeneity 微觀非均質(zhì)性

7. pluralism n. 多元論，兼職(尤其神職)

eg: But democratic pluralism does not guarantee foresight, either.

但是，民主的多元化社會也不一定就有遠(yuǎn)見。

短語：

cultural pluralism 文化多元主義;文化多元性

group pluralism 利益集團(tuán)多元主義

pluralism Products 多元化產(chǎn)品

8. immigration n. 移居，移民

eg: The government has decided to tighten its immigration policy.

政府已決定收緊其移民政策。

短語：

immigration status 入境身份;在留資格

immigration act 移民法

illegal immigration 非法移民;非法入境

immigration office 移民局

immigration policy 移民政策

9. democratization n. 民主化

eg: Of course,democratization,like modernization,must advance step by step.

當(dāng)然，民主化和現(xiàn)代化一樣，也要一步一步地前進(jìn)。

短語：

democratization reforming 民主化改革

international democratization 國際民主化

political democratization 政治民主化

10. border n. 邊緣 vt. 作...之疆界，加邊

eg: They fled across the border.

他們越過邊界逃走了。

短語：

on the border of 臨近;將要

border on 接界;相鄰于

border upon 相鄰

border effect 邊界效應(yīng)

over the border 出界;越過國境

11. homogeneous adj. 同種的，相似的，同質(zhì)的

eg: They are homogeneous people.

他們是同類人。

短語：

homogeneous medium 均勻介質(zhì)

homogeneous distribution 均勻分布

12. rewarding adj. 有報酬的，有益的

eg: Gardening is a very rewarding pastime.

園藝勞動是非常有益的消遣。

短語：

in reward for 作為……的報酬

in reward of 為酬答……

reward for 作為……的回報

as a reward for 作為……的報酬

reward with 獎賞

offer a reward 懸賞

13. enriching adj. 豐富的，富裕的

eg: Dubai is one of the most enriching countries around the world.

迪拜是世界上最富裕的國家之一。

同近義詞：

1) compression/ concentration n. 濃縮

2) decorating v.使…富足;增進(jìn)…的價值;裝飾

佳句采摘：

Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century, and failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems.

社會的多樣性將是21世紀(jì)的規(guī)則，未能意識到這點，沒有準(zhǔn)備好適應(yīng)這種多樣化將會導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的犯罪問題。