CNN News:嬰兒如何學習？

How we interpret touch, how we reason, how we learn, it`s all believed to be determined by our cerebrum and doctors say that what our brains encounter in the first five years we`re alive can have this tremendous impact on how we learn later on.

我們?nèi)绾卧忈層|摸，如何推理，如何學習，人們認為這一切都是由我們的大腦決定。同時，醫(yī)生說，在5歲前我們大腦所接觸的事物對我們以后的學習會產(chǎn)生重大的影響。

Research looking into babies` brain development shows one thing that can help is the element of surprise.

調(diào)查嬰兒大腦發(fā)育的研究表明驚喜可助于大腦發(fā)育。

DR. SANJAY GUPTA, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Scientists believe babies are born with an innate knowledge about the world, with a set of expectations about how the world works.

桑杰·古普塔博士，CNN記者：科學家們認為兒童天生對世界有所了解，也有自己對世界如何運作的期望

What they don`t fully understand yet is how babies will learn more.

但是他們不了解的是嬰兒如何學習更多的知識。

GUPTA: Well, there`s some new research out there that was published in the journal "Science" that suggests babies learn best when they are surprised.

古普塔：一些發(fā)表在《科學》雜志的最新的研究表明，嬰兒在好奇時學習的知識最充分。

For instance, when an object doesn`t behave in a way the baby expects, then they`re going to focus on that object and ultimately learn more about it.

例如，當一個物體沒有按照嬰兒期望的方式運動，他們就會關(guān)注這個物體，最終更多地了解它。

So in this series of experiments, researchers at Johns Hopkins University, they showed 11 month old babies something surprising and also something predictable.

所以，約翰霍普金斯大學的研究者們進行了一系列的實驗。在實驗中，他們給11個月大的孩子展示一些有趣的事物和一些可預(yù)測的事物。

One group of babies, for example, saw a ball like this roll down a ramp and get stopped by a wall. That was predictable.

例如，一組嬰兒看見球滾下斜坡，撞墻后停止。這件事是可預(yù)測的。

Another group saw that same ball roll down the ramp and then pass through the wall, as if by magic. That was unexpected. That was surprising.

另外一組看見同樣的球從斜坡滾下，然后好像變魔術(shù)似的，穿過了墻。這是出乎意料的，很奇怪。

Or how about a toy train?

如果是一輛玩具火車呢?

A toy train is expected to roll on a table like this.

預(yù)計玩具火車在桌子上應(yīng)該是這樣行走。

But what if when it got to the end of the table, it just kept going?

但是，如果到達了桌子邊緣，火車繼續(xù)行走呢?

That would be surprising to the baby. And scientists believe that babies` play is linked to learning.

這對嬰兒來說是很新奇的?？茖W家們認為嬰兒的玩耍是和學習相關(guān)的。

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Ready?

聲音：準備好了嗎?

GUPTA: To test that theory, researchers at Johns Hopkins then gave the babies the objects to play with. The babies who saw the ball pass through the wall, they were more interested in playing with that ball afterwards than the babies who saw it roll to a stop.

古普塔：為了檢測該理論的正確性，約翰霍普金斯大學的研究者們將物品給嬰兒們玩耍。與看見球撞墻后停止運動的嬰兒相比，第二組嬰兒對玩這個球更感興趣。

The babies were also more inclined to bang the ball against their hands and then bang the ball against the table to see if the ball was, in fact, solid.

他們也更喜歡用手掌拍球，然后在桌子上拍球，想要看看，球到底是不是實心的。

Look, whether it`s a magical ball or perhaps a flying train, provide the unexpected and kids are going to be more likely to learn.

瞧!無論它是一個神奇的球或者飛車，提供給嬰兒出乎意料的事物，他們會更容易學習。