異類:不一樣的成功啟示錄 第27期:天賦與努力

But no one has yet found a case in which true world-class expertise wasaccomplished in less time.

然而，不需要花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間練習(xí)，一個(gè)人的技能就達(dá)到世界水準(zhǔn)，目前還沒有這樣的案例。

It seems that it takes the brain this long to assimilate all that it need to know to achieve true mastery."

可以看出，長時(shí)間的練習(xí)能讓人腦吸取各種技能信息，保證一個(gè)人成為專家，”

This is true even of people we think of as prodigies.

即使我們眼中的天才，他們的成功也是如此。

Mozart, for example, famously started writing music at six.

例如，莫扎特，這位著名的音樂家6歲就開始作曲。

But, according to the psychologist Michael Howe in his book Genius explained,

但是，心理學(xué)家邁克爾.豪在他的著作《解讀天才》里面卻說道：

by the standards of mature composers, Mozart's early works are not outstanding.

在成長為作曲家之前，早期莫扎特并不讓人覺得超凡脫俗。

The earliest pieces were probably written down by his father, and perhaps improved in the process.

他早期的作品都是在父親的幫助下完成，在父親的指導(dǎo)下取得進(jìn)步。

Many of Wolfgang's childhood compositions, such as the first seven of his concertos for piano and orchestra,

沃爾夫?qū)r(shí)候的許多作品，例如鋼琴和管弦第七協(xié)奏曲，

are largely arrangements of works by other composers.

幾乎都是在其他作曲家?guī)椭峦瓿傻摹?/p>

Of those concertos that only contain music original to Mozart, the earliest that is now regarded as a masterwork (No.9, K. 271)

當(dāng)然這些協(xié)奏曲只是莫扎特音樂生涯的起的作品(N0.9, K271):從這時(shí)開始，

was not composed until he was 21: by that time, Mozart had already been composing concertos for ten years.

從這時(shí)開始，莫扎特開始了十來年的協(xié)奏曲作曲家生涯。

The music critic Harold Schonberg goes further: Mozart, he argues, actually "developed late,"

另一位音樂評(píng)論家哈諾德勛博格甚至認(rèn)為，莫扎特的音樂生涯實(shí)際上“發(fā)展遲緩”，

since he didn't produce his greatest work until he had been composing for over twenty years.

在經(jīng)過了20多年的作曲鍛煉之后，才創(chuàng)作了他最偉大的作品。

To become a chess grandmaster also seems to take about ten years.

象棋大師的成長也需要10年以上的時(shí)間。

(Only the legendary Bobby Fischer got to that elite level in less than that time: it took him nine years.)

(只有國際象棋的傳奇大師鮑比菲舍爾例外，他只用了9年時(shí)間，就進(jìn)入了頂尖棋手的行列。)

And what's ten years? Well, it's roughly how long it takes to put in ten thousand hours of hard practice.

10年意味者什么?它是10，000個(gè)小時(shí)的艱苦訓(xùn)練。

Ten thousand hours is the magic number of greatness.

對(duì)那些取得偉大成就的人來說，10,000個(gè)小時(shí)是個(gè)魔幻般的數(shù)字。

Here is the explanation for what was so puzzling about the rosters of the Czech and Canadian national sports teams.

這就充分解釋了令人費(fèi)解的捷克的運(yùn)動(dòng)員名單和加拿大國家運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)員的選拔。

There was virtually no one on those teams born after September 1, which doesn't seem to make any sense.

在這些名單中，幾乎沒有人出生在9月1日之后，這看起來或許并不是什么大不了的事。

You'd think that there should be a fair number of Czech hockey or soccer prodigies born late in the year

你也許會(huì)認(rèn)為，在捷克曲棍球和足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員中，那些能力超凡的運(yùn)動(dòng)員憑借自己的努力，

who are so talented that they eventually make new way into the top tier as young adults.

即便在下半年出生，即便他們出生較晚，他們依舊可以在很年輕的時(shí)候就進(jìn)入頂尖行列。

But to Ericsson and those who argue against the primacy of talent, that isn't surprising at all.

但是對(duì)埃里克森和其他反對(duì)把天賦放在首位的人來說，是不大可能出現(xiàn)這種意外驚喜的。