時(shí)差N小時(shí):動(dòng)物受激后打哈欠

If you've ever visited a zoo, you've probably seenanimals yawn. You might have thought those yawnswere a result of boredom, but research hassuggested that most animals do not yawn forprecisely the same reasons as humans.

如果你曾參觀過(guò)動(dòng)物園，那你可能看見(jiàn)過(guò)動(dòng)物們打哈欠。你可能會(huì)想，這是因?yàn)閯?dòng)物們也感到無(wú)聊，但研究表明大多數(shù)動(dòng)物打哈欠是出于與人類(lèi)不同的原因。

Both humans and animals yawn to become morealert, but humans tend to yawn when they arebored or sleepy. And animals yawn in anticipationof a stimulating situation. When a human feels bored or sleepy, their blood flow becomes a bitsluggish and the brain gets less oxygen. As a result, they yawn in order to supply the brainwith extra oxygen which helps them become more alert.

人類(lèi)和動(dòng)物打哈欠都能使自身變得更警惕，但是人類(lèi)傾向于在無(wú)聊或者困乏的時(shí)候打哈欠。而動(dòng)物打哈欠則是因?yàn)轭A(yù)期的刺激。當(dāng)人們感到無(wú)聊或者困乏的時(shí)候，人體內(nèi)的血液流動(dòng)速度稍微減慢，于是造成大腦缺氧。因此人們打哈欠是為了給大腦補(bǔ)充氧氣，這樣人才能變得更警覺(jué)。

Most research has suggested that, contrary to common belief, we don't yawn because ourbrains need extra oxygen, but because we need to become more alert. Instead of yawning inorder to help raise alertness levels during boring situations, animals yawn in anticipation ofexciting situations. One scientist has spent hundreds of hours observing the yawning patterns ofseveral animal species, including lions, monkeys and humans.

與普遍觀念相反的是，大多數(shù)研究表明我們并不是因?yàn)榇竽X缺氧才打哈欠，而是因?yàn)槲覀冃枰兊酶X(jué)。與人類(lèi)在無(wú)聊的情況下為了保持警覺(jué)性而打哈欠相反，動(dòng)物會(huì)因令其興奮的事情即將發(fā)生而打哈欠。一位科學(xué)家花了幾百個(gè)小時(shí)觀察幾種動(dòng)物的打哈欠模式，包括獅子、猴子和人類(lèi)。

He found that human beings yawned most often in situations with minimal stimulation, butin which alertness was important, such as driving late at night; they yawned least often duringphysically stimulating situations such as an aerobics class.

他發(fā)現(xiàn)人類(lèi)打哈欠多數(shù)處在刺激最小的情況下，同時(shí)也是警覺(jué)性很重要的情況下，例如在深夜駕車(chē);當(dāng)他們身理上受到刺激時(shí)打哈欠最少，例如上有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)課。

Captive lions and monkeys, on the other hand, yawned most often just before feeding time, oneof the most stimulating times of the day. Other scientists have also observed laboratory ratsyawning just prior to eating. These studies suggest that animals yawn in anticipation ofstimulation rather than as a result of boredom.

另一方面，圈養(yǎng)的獅子和猴子在喂食時(shí)間前總是打哈欠。喂食是一天中刺激最大的時(shí)刻。其他科學(xué)家們也觀察過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的老鼠，發(fā)現(xiàn)它們總是在吃飯之前打哈欠。這些研究表明動(dòng)物打哈欠不是因?yàn)闊o(wú)聊，而是因?yàn)轭A(yù)期的刺激。