走進(jìn)劍橋大學(xué) 第7期:沒(méi)有鉚釘?shù)臄?shù)學(xué)轎

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沒(méi)有鉚釘?shù)臄?shù)學(xué)轎

The Mathematical Bridge was built in 1749 by James Essex the Younger to the design of William Etheridge. It had subsequently been rebuilt to the same design in 1866 and 1905.

數(shù)學(xué)橋是1749年詹姆斯小埃塞克斯根據(jù)威廉埃斯里奇的設(shè)計(jì)建造的，隨后人們又在1866年和1905年根據(jù)同樣的設(shè)計(jì)重建了這座橋。

The Queen’s College still possesses an old model of the bridge, and we assume that this is Etheridge’s model of 1748. It is to be noted that even the model has screws at thejoints.

女王學(xué)院還保留著這座橋的一個(gè)舊模型，我們假設(shè)這就是埃斯里奇1748年設(shè)計(jì)的模型，值得注意的是這座模型的聯(lián)結(jié)處也有螺絲釘。

The design of the Mathematical Bridge resembles Etheridge’s much greater Old Walton Bridge, a three-arch bridge over the Thames at Walton, built from 1748 to 1750.

數(shù)學(xué)橋的設(shè)計(jì)和埃斯里奇設(shè)計(jì)的老沃爾頓橋相似，但是老沃爾頓橋比數(shù)學(xué)橋大得多，是一座建于1748-1750年間的橫跨泰晤士河、位于沃爾頓的三門(mén)拱橋。

William Etheridge was one of a very long family line of carpenters. His birth was not recorded, but his baptism took place on 3rd January 1708 at St Margaret’s parish church. His career as a master carpenter first came to light in 1738-1749 when he worked under James King in the building of the first bridge to cross the Thames at Westminster. From 1747-1750 he worked on the Walton Bridge and in 1748 produced the design and model for the Mathematical Bridge.

威廉埃斯里奇的家族是歷史悠久的木匠家族中的分支。埃斯里奇出生日期不詳，但他是在1708年1月3號(hào)于瑪格麗特教區(qū)教堂接受洗禮的。他作為職業(yè)木匠首次為大家所熟知是在1738-1749年間，當(dāng)時(shí)他在 詹姆斯國(guó)王指導(dǎo)下建造位于威斯敏斯特的第一座橫跨泰晤士河的橋。從1747-1750年，他建造了沃爾頓橋，1748年他做出了數(shù)學(xué)橋的設(shè)計(jì)和模型。

The Mathematical Bridge was the earliest recorded work of James Essex the Younger. He later constructed the Essex Building, which was intended to be part of a new building along the river, replacing the 1460s part of the President’s Lodge.

數(shù)學(xué)橋是詹姆斯小埃塞克斯有記載的最早作品。他后來(lái)建造了埃塞克斯大樓，想替代15世紀(jì)60年代建立的部分校長(zhǎng)住所，讓其成為劍河岸邊一座新建筑的一部分。

By the 1860s，the original bridge of 1749 was badly decayed. Photographs showed many timbers patched, and the sides of the bridge apparently leaning inwards. It was repaired in 1866.

到了19世紀(jì)60年代，1749年建的數(shù)學(xué)橋已經(jīng)被嚴(yán)重腐蝕了。照片顯示了很多修葺過(guò)的木材，而且橋欄很明益地向內(nèi)傾斜。1866年，人們修復(fù)了這座橋。

There was one change of the design: the pedestrian decking was sloped instead of stepped on each side，making it possible today for wheeled trolleys to be used over the bridge. The use of the word repairing suggests that this was not a complete rebuilding, however, and maybe parts of the original bridge were retained and continued to decay, explaining why this version lasted less than 40 years.

在修復(fù)的過(guò)程中，人們對(duì)原設(shè)計(jì)做了一個(gè)改動(dòng)：人行道鋪板改成斜面的，而不是在橋的兩側(cè)都鋪設(shè)，這樣輪椅就能在整座橋上使用。但是“修復(fù)”這個(gè)詞說(shuō)明這并不是完全的重建，可能部分原橋被保留了下來(lái)并繼續(xù)被腐蝕，這就是為什么修復(fù)后的橋維持不到40年就又要重修了的原因吧。

In 1905 the bridge was completely rebuilt by local builder William Sindall. In this version of the bridge, the joints were fastened by nuts and bolts passing right through the joint, the bolt heads being on the internal elevations of the side arches, and therefore visible to people passing over the bridge.

1905年，該橋由當(dāng)?shù)亟ㄖ熗恋聽(tīng)栒w重建，在這座重建的橋中，聯(lián)接處由螺母和螺栓拴住，并穿過(guò)了聯(lián)接處。螺栓頭突出于側(cè)拱門(mén)的內(nèi)側(cè)，所以走過(guò)橋的人都能看得到。

Previous versions of the bridge had the joints fastened by iron pins or screws driven in from the outer elevation, which were therefore not visible to the casual passer-by on the bridge, as the screws did not penetrate as far as the inner elevation.

前幾個(gè)版本的數(shù)學(xué)橋的鐵針或螺絲釘是從外部釘進(jìn)聯(lián)接處的，而螺絲釘并沒(méi)有穿透到橋的內(nèi)部，所以對(duì)于不仔細(xì)觀察的過(guò)橋者來(lái)說(shuō)是看不到的。