指人:who,whom,whose,whoever,whomever
指物:what,whatever
既指人又可指物:which,whichever
小伙伴們,when, where, how, why等引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句的詞語(yǔ),我們稱之為“疑問(wèn)副詞”,所以別搞糊涂了!
一般而言,疑問(wèn)代詞在句中位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前,沒(méi)有性和數(shù)的變化,除who之外也沒(méi)有賓格的變化(whom)。除此以外,我們還需要注意以下幾點(diǎn):
1. who通常作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),whom作賓語(yǔ):
主語(yǔ):Who is speaking? 是哪一位(打電話)?
表語(yǔ):Who is she? 她是誰(shuí)?
賓語(yǔ):Who(m) are you looking for? 你在找誰(shuí)?
2. what,whose,which可以用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。(此處還可以理解為,它們對(duì)句子中所提問(wèn)的成分,就是它們所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。當(dāng)然,它們還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句:
主語(yǔ):What happened later? 后來(lái)發(fā)生什么事情了?
Whose is broken? 誰(shuí)的壞了?
Which is yours? 哪個(gè)是你的?
表語(yǔ):What’s you mother? 你媽媽是做什么工作的?
Whose is this book? 這本書(shū)是誰(shuí)的?
賓語(yǔ):What do you mean? 你是什么意思?
Which do you want? 你想要哪一個(gè)?
Whose do you prefer? 你更喜歡誰(shuí)的?
定語(yǔ):What time is it now? 現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了?
Which book do you want? 你想要哪一本書(shū)?
Whose dress is this? 這是誰(shuí)的連衣裙?
從句:They have done what they can do. 他們已經(jīng)盡其所能。
Do you know whose is the book on the table? 你知道桌上的書(shū)是誰(shuí)的嗎?
Can you tell me which he will choose? 你能告訴我他會(huì)選擇哪一個(gè)嗎?
3. whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever用法如下:
(1)引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句:意為“無(wú)論什么(是誰(shuí)、哪一個(gè))”等,此時(shí)相當(dāng)于 no matter what (who, which, whom)。(其中whomever在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)已基本不用)。
Whatever [No matter what] happens, keep calm. 無(wú)論發(fā)生什么,都要保持鎮(zhèn)定。
Whoever [No matter who] you are, I will help you. 不管你是誰(shuí),我都會(huì)幫你的。
Whichever [No matter which] you choose, I’ll agree with you. 無(wú)論你選擇哪一個(gè),我都沒(méi)意見(jiàn)。
(2)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句:主語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句。
He does whatever his mother asks him to do. 媽媽要他做什么,他就做什么。
Whoever comes here will be welcome. 到這兒的人都受歡迎。
Whichever gains the most points wins. 得分高者勝。