GRE閱讀考試長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例分析14

　　1. Even the requirement that biomaterials processed from these materials be nontoxic tohost tissue can be met by techniques derived from studying the reactions of tissue cultures tobiomaterials or from short-term implants.(5)

　　即使是這樣的要求，即從這些材料中加工出來(lái)的生物材料應(yīng)該對(duì)受移植者的組織無(wú)害，也能夠通過(guò)從研究組織培養(yǎng)對(duì)生物材料的反應(yīng)而來(lái)的，或從研究短期移植而來(lái)的技術(shù)來(lái)滿(mǎn)足。

　　難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、省略、專(zhuān)有名詞、固定搭配

　　解釋?zhuān)褐髡Z(yǔ)the requirement后面帶著一個(gè)長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的修飾主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ);由于requirement的同位語(yǔ)中要求使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，所以其中的系動(dòng)詞成了原型(should be省略了should)。如此之長(zhǎng)的修飾成分過(guò)后，謂語(yǔ)canbe met與主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系已經(jīng)很難理清了。從by開(kāi)始的狀語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)更為復(fù)雜;修飾techniques的后置的定語(yǔ)derivedfrom studying the reactions of tissure cultures to biomaterials or derived from studying short-term implants實(shí)際上是由or所連接的兩個(gè)固定搭配the reactions of tissure cultures to biomaterials;第二個(gè)derive from中還套了另外一個(gè)固定搭配the reactions of tissure cultures to biomaterials;第二個(gè)derive from則干脆把derive給省略了。此外，本句的專(zhuān)有名詞奇多，這使得閱讀的難度非常高。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：Even the requirement that biomaterials processed from these materials benontoxic to host tissue can be met by techniques derived from studying the reactions of tissuecultures to biomaterials or from short-term implants.

　　2. My point is that its central　consciousness—its profound understanding of class andgender　　as shaping influences on people‘s lives—owes much to that earlier literaryheritage，a heritage that，in general，has not been sufficiently valued by most contemporaryliterary critics. (4)

　　難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)

　　譯文：我的論點(diǎn)是，其作品的中心意識(shí)——它將階級(jí)和性別作為人們生活的決定性影響而作出的深邃理解——在很大程度上借鑒了那個(gè)早期的文學(xué)遺產(chǎn)，而這一遺產(chǎn)就總體而言還尚未獲得大多數(shù)當(dāng)代文學(xué)評(píng)論家的足夠重視。

　　解釋?zhuān)嘿e語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)被長(zhǎng)插入語(yǔ)分開(kāi)，造成閱讀障礙。插入語(yǔ)中有一個(gè)固定搭配understanding of A as B，是把A理解成B的意思。不過(guò)本句中as的賓語(yǔ)不容易理解：shaping influenceson people‘s lives可以理解成“形成了對(duì)人們生活的影響”也可以理解成“對(duì)人們生活的塑造性(決定性)影響”。當(dāng)然后面的理解是正確的，然而在閱讀現(xiàn)場(chǎng)想要在瞬間做出正確判斷，還有賴(lài)于考生的閱讀理解力和詞匯功底的深淺。插入語(yǔ)后面還有一個(gè)固定搭配：A owes much to B，指前者有很多東西是來(lái)自于后者，得益于后者的。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：My point is that its central consciousness—its profound understanding of classand gender as shaping influences on people‘s lives—owes much to that earlier literaryheritage，a heritage that，in general，has not been sufficiently valued by most contemporaryliterary critics.