段落的擴展對構成一篇文章,展示文章的主題,有著舉足輕重的作用。常用的方式有:
1.排列順序:既按照內(nèi)容的主次、的時間的先后或位置的先后來進行論證,陳述或解釋。
常用的詞語有:first/firstly, second/secondly,furthermore,finally,above all, first and most important, to begin/start with, in the second place, moreover, to conclude, next,then, afterward lastly, in the end, eventually.
2.比較和對比:一般來說,比較包括相同點和相異點。對比則僅指相異點。常見的詞及詞組有:in comparison(with),likewise,similarly,in the same way,equally,but, in contrast With/to,instead,conversely,on the contrary, in/by contrast,while,Correspondingly.
3.因果和推理:這種段落發(fā)展方式通常用于解釋某件事發(fā)生的原因和結果。經(jīng)常用到的因果關系的動詞和動詞詞組有:cause,produce,lead to,bring about,result from, be due to,have an effect on,result in。因果關系的連接詞有:due to,the fact that,for the simple reason,because (of),so that,consequently,hence,as a result,accordingly,therefore,so long as,so,thus,owing to,now that,for/as,since。
4.舉例:用實例來說明作者的觀點是舉例段落的發(fā)展方式。采用舉例的方式,使文章內(nèi)容更加充實,更富有內(nèi)涵。常用于舉例的詞和詞組有:such as,for example,for instance,as an illustration,to illustrate,a case in point,as follows,just as,just as,including,like。