使用智能媒體對(duì)心理健康有害嗎?

使用智能媒體對(duì)心理健康有害嗎?

"Have smartphones destroyed a generation?" Jean Twenge, a professor of psychology at San Diego State University, asked in an adapted excerpt of her controversial book, "iGen."

“智能手機(jī)毀了一代人嗎?”圣地亞哥州立大學(xué)心理學(xué)教授讓·特溫格在她頗具爭(zhēng)議的著作《iGen》的節(jié)選中問(wèn)道。

In the book, she argues that those born after 1995 are on the "brink of a mental-health crisis" -- and she believes it can be linked to growing up with their noses pressed against a screen.

在書中，她認(rèn)為1995年后出生的人正處于“心理健康危機(jī)的邊緣”，她認(rèn)為這可能與他們的成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中鼻子緊貼著屏幕有關(guān)。

Her newest study provides more backing to that connection, showing that teens who spent more than an hour or two a day interacting with their gadgets were less happy on average than those who had more face time with others. The research was published Monday in Emotion, a journal by the American Psychological Association.

她最新的研究為這種聯(lián)系提供了更多的支持。研究顯示，平均而言，每天花一兩個(gè)小時(shí)以上與電子設(shè)備互動(dòng)的青少年，要比那些花更多時(shí)間與他人見(jiàn)面的青少年更不快樂(lè)。這項(xiàng)研究周一發(fā)表在美國(guó)心理學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)的期刊《情感》上。

The study -- which drew from a survey of hundreds of thousands of teens across the US -- also found that roughly 13% of eighth- and tenth-graders who spent 1 to 2 hours a week on social media said they were "not happy."

這項(xiàng)研究對(duì)全美數(shù)十萬(wàn)青少年進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，結(jié)果還發(fā)現(xiàn)，大約13%的八年級(jí)和十年級(jí)學(xué)生表示他們“不快樂(lè)”。這些學(xué)生每周花1到2小時(shí)在社交媒體上。

By the twelfth grade, however, the negative correlations between screen time and teen psychology had somewhat dissipated. In addition, Teens with zero hours of screen time had higher rates of unhappiness than their peers who logged in a few hours a week.

然而，到了12年級(jí)，屏幕時(shí)間和青少年心理之間的負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系已經(jīng)有所消散。此外，屏幕時(shí)間為零的青少年比那些每周登錄幾個(gè)小時(shí)的同齡人更不快樂(lè)。

The study comes two weeks after two major investors surged Apple to do more to combat iPhone addiction among young people. Twenge's conclusions have come up against criticism in the past. Some have accused her work of oversimplifying or overlooking data that may tell a slightly different story.

這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表兩周前，兩家主要投資商紛紛要求蘋果公司采取更多措施，打擊年輕人對(duì)iPhone的上癮。特溫格的結(jié)論在過(guò)去遭到了批評(píng)。一些人指責(zé)她的工作過(guò)度簡(jiǎn)化或忽略了數(shù)據(jù)，而這種數(shù)據(jù)可能與結(jié)論有輕微不同。

"I spent my career in technology. I wasn't prepared for its effect on my kids," philanthropist Melinda Gates, whose three children were also born after 1995, wrote August in the Washington Post. "Phones and apps aren't good or bad by themselves, but for adolescents who don't yet have the emotional tools to navigate life's complications and confusions, they can exacerbate the difficulties of growing up."

慈善家梅琳達(dá)·蓋茨今年8月在《華盛頓郵報(bào)》上寫道，“我的職業(yè)生涯是在技術(shù)領(lǐng)域度過(guò)的，我沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好它對(duì)我的孩子們的影響“。“手機(jī)和應(yīng)用程序本身并沒(méi)有好壞之分，但對(duì)于那些還沒(méi)有應(yīng)對(duì)生活中的復(fù)雜和困惑的情感工具的青少年來(lái)說(shuō)，它們可能會(huì)加劇他們的成長(zhǎng)困難。”

At the same time, she said, kids are learning on their devices and connecting in novel ways. "Marginalized groups such as gay and lesbian students (are) finding support they never had before through social networks".

同時(shí)，她說(shuō)，孩子們正在用他們的設(shè)備學(xué)習(xí)，并以一種新穎的方式進(jìn)行交流。蓋茨說(shuō):“像男同性戀和女同性戀學(xué)生這樣的邊緣群體正在通過(guò)社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)尋求前所未有的支持。”

Other studies have explored the connection between social media and isolation and how "likes" activate the brain's reward center. Some analyses have found that moderate use of these technologies is "not intrinsically harmful" and can even improve social skills and develop resilience.

其他研究探索了社交媒體和孤立之間的聯(lián)系，以及“贊”如何激活大腦的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)中心。一些分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，適度使用這些技術(shù)“并沒(méi)有本質(zhì)上的害處”，甚至可以提高社交技能和發(fā)展適應(yīng)力。

"These are really important devices that have changed our lives in so many ways -- not just for the worse but for the better," she said.

她說(shuō):“這些設(shè)備真的很重要，它們?cè)诤芏喾矫娓淖兞宋覀兊纳?mdash;—不僅是往壞的方面，而且是往好的方面。”