盯著別人的眼睛看10分鐘，會(huì)看到奇怪的東西

盯著某人的眼睛看10分鐘，會(huì)引起意識(shí)狀態(tài)的改變

In 2015, a psychologist in Italy figured out how to induce a drug-free altered state of consciousness by asking 20 volunteers to sit and stare into each other's eyes for 10 minutes straight.

2015年，意大利的一位心理學(xué)家通過(guò)讓20名志愿者坐在一起，直視對(duì)方的眼睛10分鐘，研究出了如何誘導(dǎo)一種無(wú)藥改變的意識(shí)狀態(tài)。

Not only did the deceptively simple task bring on strange 'out of body' experiences for the volunteers, it also caused them to see hallucinations of monsters, their relatives, and themselves in their partner's face.

這項(xiàng)看似簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)，不僅給志愿者帶來(lái)了奇怪的“出體”體驗(yàn)，還讓他們?cè)诎閭H的臉上看到了怪物、親戚和自己的幻覺。

The experiment, run by Giovanni Caputo from the University of Urbino, involved having 20 young adults (15 of which were women) pair off, sit in a dimly lit room 1 metre away from each other, and stare into their partner's eyes for 10 minutes.

這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)由烏爾比諾大學(xué)的喬瓦尼·卡普托(Giovanni Caputo)主持，實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容包括讓20名年輕人(其中15名是女性)配對(duì)，坐在一間燈光昏暗的房間里，彼此相距一米遠(yuǎn)，盯著對(duì)方的眼睛看10分鐘。

The lighting in the room was bright enough for the volunteers to easily make out the facial features of their partner, but low enough to diminish their overall colour perception.

房間里的燈光足以讓志愿者們輕易地辨認(rèn)出伴侶的面部特征，但光線很低，足以削弱他們的整體色彩的感知。

A control group of 20 more volunteers were asked to sit and stare for 10 minutes in another dimly lit room in pairs, but their chairs were facing a blank wall. The volunteers were told very little about the purpose of the study, only that it had to do with a "meditative experience with eyes open".

另一個(gè)由20名志愿者組成的對(duì)照組，被要求成對(duì)地在另一個(gè)光線昏暗的房間里坐著凝視10分鐘，但他們的椅子面對(duì)的是一堵空白的墻。志愿者們幾乎沒(méi)有被告知這項(xiàng)研究的目的，只知道它與“睜開眼睛冥想的體驗(yàn)”有關(guān)。

Once the 10 minutes were up, the volunteers were asked to complete questionnaires related to what they experienced during and after the experiment.

10分鐘結(jié)束后，志愿者要完成與實(shí)驗(yàn)期間和之后經(jīng)歷相關(guān)的問(wèn)卷調(diào)查。

One questionnaire focussed on any dissociative symptoms that the volunteers might have experienced, and another questioned them on what they perceived in their partner's face (eye-staring group) or their own face (control group).

一份調(diào)查問(wèn)卷關(guān)注的是志愿者可能經(jīng)歷過(guò)的任何游離癥狀，另一份則詢問(wèn)他們?cè)诎閭H的臉上(眼睛凝視組)或自己的臉上(對(duì)照組)看到了什么。

Dissociation is a term used in psychology to describe a whole range of psychological experiences that make a person feel detached from their immediate surroundings.

分離是心理學(xué)中的一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，用來(lái)描述一系列的心理體驗(yàn)，這些體驗(yàn)使一個(gè)人感到與周圍的環(huán)境脫節(jié)。

Symptoms such as a loss of memory, seeing everything in distorted colours, or feeling like the world isn't real can be brought on by abuse and trauma; drugs such as ketamine, alcohol, and LSD; and now, apparently, face-staring.

濫用和創(chuàng)傷、氯胺酮、酒精和迷幻藥等藥物，以及現(xiàn)在明顯的面部凝視，都會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些癥狀，如喪失記憶、看到一切扭曲的顏色，或者感覺世界不真實(shí)。

"The participants in the eye-staring group said they'd had a compelling experience unlike anything they'd felt before," Christian Jarrett wrote for the British Psychological Society's Research Digest at the time.

當(dāng)時(shí)，克里斯蒂安·賈雷特為英國(guó)心理學(xué)會(huì)的研究文摘撰文說(shuō)：“盯著眼睛的那組人說(shuō)，他們有一種前所未有的強(qiáng)烈體驗(yàn)。”

Reporting in journal Psychiatry Research, Caputo said the eye-staring group out-scored the control group in all the questionnaires, which suggests that something about staring into another human being's eyes for 10 uninterrupted minutes had a profound effect on their visual perception and mental state.

卡普托在《精神病學(xué)研究》雜志上報(bào)道說(shuō)，在所有的調(diào)查問(wèn)卷中，盯著眼睛的那組人的得分都超過(guò)了對(duì)照組。這表明，連續(xù)10分鐘不間斷地盯著另一個(gè)人的眼睛，會(huì)對(duì)他們的視覺感知和精神狀態(tài)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響。

Jarrett explains:

Jarrett解釋道：

"On the dissociative states test, they gave the strongest ratings to items related to reduced colour intensity, sounds seeming quieter or louder than expected, becoming spaced out, and time seeming to drag on. On the strange-face questionnaire, 90 percent of the eye-staring group agreed that they'd seen some deformed facial traits, 75 percent said they'd seen a monster, 50 percent said they saw aspects of their own face in their partner's face, and 15 percent said they'd seen a relative's face."

“在分離狀態(tài)測(cè)試中，他們對(duì)與顏色強(qiáng)度降低、聲音看起來(lái)比預(yù)期的更安靜或更響亮、變得分散和時(shí)間似乎拖延有關(guān)的項(xiàng)目給出了最強(qiáng)烈的評(píng)價(jià)。在“陌生面孔”的調(diào)查問(wèn)卷中，90%的受調(diào)查者承認(rèn)他們看到過(guò)一些畸形的面部特征，75%的人說(shuō)他們看到過(guò)怪物，50%的人說(shuō)他們?cè)诎閭H的臉上看到了自己的臉，15%的人說(shuō)他們看到過(guò)親戚的臉。

The results recalled what Caputo found back in 2010 when he performed a similar experiment with 50 volunteers staring at themselves in a mirror for 10 minutes. The paper, entitled Strange-Face-in-the-Mirror Illusion, reports that after less than a minute, the volunteers started seeing what Caputo describes as the "strange-face illusion".

這些結(jié)果讓人回想起卡普托在2010年的一項(xiàng)類似實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)的情況。當(dāng)時(shí)，他讓50名志愿者對(duì)著鏡子盯著自己看了10分鐘。這篇題為《鏡子里的怪臉錯(cuò)覺》的論文稱，不到一分鐘，志愿者們就開始看到卡普托所說(shuō)的“怪臉錯(cuò)覺”。

"The participants' descriptions included huge deformations of their own faces; seeing the faces of alive or deceased parents; archetypal faces such as an old woman, child or the portrait of an ancestor; animal faces such as a cat, pig or lion; and even fantastical and monstrous beings," Susana Martinez-Conde and Stephen L. Macknik wrote for Scientific American.

參與者的描述包括他們自己臉部的巨大變形;看到在世或已故父母的臉;典型的面孔，如老婦人、小孩或祖先的畫像;動(dòng)物的臉，如貓、豬或獅子;蘇珊娜·馬丁內(nèi)斯-康德(Susana Martinez-Conde)和斯蒂芬·l·馬克尼克(Stephen L. Macknik)在為《科學(xué)美國(guó)人》(Scientific American)撰寫的文章中寫道。

"All 50 participants reported feelings of 'otherness' when confronted with a face that seemed suddenly unfamiliar. Some felt powerful emotions."

“所有50名參與者都表示，當(dāng)面對(duì)一張突然變得陌生的臉時(shí)，他們會(huì)有一種‘另類’的感覺。有些人感受到了強(qiáng)烈的情感。”

According to Jarrett at the British Psychological Society, while the eye-staring group of this experiment only scored on average 2.45 points higher than the control group in their questionnaires (which used a five-point scale where 0 is "not at all" and 5 would be "extremely"), Caputo said the effects were stronger than those experienced by the 2010 mirror-staring volunteers.

據(jù)英國(guó)心理學(xué)會(huì)的Jarrett說(shuō)，雖然這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中的眼睛注視組在問(wèn)卷調(diào)查中的平均得分僅比對(duì)照組高出2.45分(使用5分制，0表示“根本不存在”，5表示“非常嚴(yán)重”)，但卡普托說(shuō)，這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)的效果是CTS比2010年的“鏡中情”更強(qiáng)大。

So what's going on here? Martinez-Conde and Macknik explain that it's likely to do with something called neural adaptation, which describes how our neurons can slow down or even stop their responses to unchanging stimulation.

這是怎么回事?馬丁內(nèi)斯-康德和馬克尼克解釋說(shuō)，這可能與一種叫做神經(jīng)適應(yīng)的東西有關(guān)，它描述了我們的神經(jīng)元如何減緩甚至停止對(duì)不變刺激的反應(yīng)。

It happens when you stare at any scene or object for an extended period of time - your perception will start to fade until you blink or the scene changes, or it can be rectified by tiny involuntary eye movements called microsaccades.

當(dāng)你長(zhǎng)時(shí)間盯著任何場(chǎng)景或物體時(shí)，你的感知能力就會(huì)開始衰退，直到你眨眼或場(chǎng)景發(fā)生變化，或者它可以通過(guò)被稱為微眼跳的微小的無(wú)意識(shí)眼球運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)糾正。