審美，真的是自我意識(shí)

神經(jīng)科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們對(duì)美的體驗(yàn)與一個(gè)意想不到的大腦區(qū)域有關(guān)

Neuroscientists think they have found a key area in our brains that helps us assess and respond to what we find beautiful, also known as aesthetic appeal. And that appeal could be more linked to our sense of self than you might expect.

神經(jīng)科學(xué)家認(rèn)為他們?cè)谖覀兊拇竽X中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)關(guān)鍵區(qū)域，幫助我們?cè)u(píng)估和回應(yīng)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的美麗，也被稱(chēng)為審美吸引力。這種吸引力與我們的自我意識(shí)的聯(lián)系可能比你想象的還要緊密。

When something pleases us visually - whether it's a fine piece of artwork, a beautiful feat of architecture, or an untouched natural landscape - new research demonstrates there is a pattern of activity in what's known as the default mode network (DMN).

當(dāng)某樣?xùn)|西在視覺(jué)上讓我們感到愉悅時(shí)——無(wú)論是一件精美的藝術(shù)品、一幅美麗的建筑杰作，還是一幅未經(jīng)雕琢的自然景觀——新的研究表明，在所謂的“默認(rèn)模式網(wǎng)絡(luò)”(DMN)中存在一種活動(dòng)模式。

The DMN is a large-scale system of interacting regions in the brain that appears to play a role in how we regulate our sense of self; this network is most active when we're self-reflecting, remembering, or imagining.

DMN是大腦中一個(gè)大型的相互作用區(qū)域系統(tǒng)，它似乎在我們?nèi)绾握{(diào)節(jié)自我意識(shí)方面發(fā)揮著作用;當(dāng)我們進(jìn)行自我反省、記憶或想象時(shí)，這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是最活躍的。

That's what makes its emerging role in aesthetics so interesting, since the findings of this latest study suggest - a deeply moving visual experience is processed by the same brain network that's strongly involved in who we are as individuals.

這就是為什么它在美學(xué)中所扮演的新角色如此有趣，因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)最新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明——一個(gè)深刻感人的視覺(jué)體驗(yàn)是由同一個(gè)大腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)處理的，而這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)與我們作為個(gè)體的身份密切相關(guān)。

As the new research indicates, when people were shown images of artwork, natural landscapes or buildings, the most 'moving' images, no matter what the subject matter, inspired a strong spike of activity in the DMN.

新的研究表明，當(dāng)人們看到藝術(shù)作品、自然景觀或建筑的圖片時(shí)，無(wú)論主題是什么，最“動(dòng)人”的圖片都會(huì)激發(fā)DMN中強(qiáng)烈的活動(dòng)。

Measuring brain activity in 16 participants using fMRI, the researchers found images of artwork, buildings and landscapes showed very different patterns of activity in visual brain regions - no matter whether participants considered them moving or not.

研究人員使用功能磁共振成像技術(shù)對(duì)16名參與者的大腦活動(dòng)進(jìn)行了測(cè)量，發(fā)現(xiàn)藝術(shù)品、建筑物和景觀的圖像顯示了大腦視覺(jué)區(qū)域非常不同的活動(dòng)模式——無(wú)論參與者是否認(rèn)為它們?cè)谝苿?dòng)。

The DMN, on the other hand, had a different response. This network was relatively quiet when something was not considered particularly beautiful, but when one of these images evoked a stronger aesthetic response, the DMN became just as active as the visual regions, regardless of what was featured in the image.

另一方面，DMN有不同的反應(yīng)。當(dāng)某物不被認(rèn)為特別漂亮?xí)r，這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)相對(duì)安靜，但當(dāng)其中一個(gè)圖像引起更強(qiáng)烈的審美反應(yīng)時(shí)，DMN就和視覺(jué)區(qū)域一樣活躍，而不管圖像中有什么特征。

Most of the time, when looking at things in the external world, the visual parts of the brain are the most active and the default mode network is mostly disengaged. It's only when something really moves us, the authors argue, that the DMN perks up and performs just as much as the visual areas.

大多數(shù)時(shí)候，當(dāng)我們看外部世界的東西時(shí)，大腦的視覺(jué)部分是最活躍的，默認(rèn)模式的網(wǎng)絡(luò)大部分是空閑的。作者認(rèn)為，只有當(dāng)某些東西真正打動(dòng)我們的時(shí)候，DMN才會(huì)活躍起來(lái)，并像視覺(jué)區(qū)域一樣發(fā)揮作用。

It's still unclear exactly what the DNM's role is in our response to beauty, but the new findings suggest that various visually aesthetic experiences are somehow linked to a sense of self in the brain.

目前還不清楚DNM在我們對(duì)美的反應(yīng)中究竟扮演著什么角色，但新的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，各種視覺(jué)審美體驗(yàn)在某種程度上與大腦中的自我意識(shí)有關(guān)。