孩子太小，適合做接觸運(yùn)動(dòng)嗎？

New guidance on concussions shows there isn’t enough solid evidence to answer some of parents’ most burning questions about contact sports. That includes what age is safest to start playing them.

新的腦震蕩指導(dǎo)顯示，沒有足夠的確鑿證據(jù)來回答父母關(guān)于接觸性運(yùn)動(dòng)的一些最緊迫的問題。這包括什么年齡開始玩游戲最安全。

Pediatric experts in sports medicine, neurology and related fields evaluated and rated three decades of sports concussion-related research. They say recent evidence filled in some blanks. Such as:

運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)、神經(jīng)病學(xué)及相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的兒科專，家對(duì)30年來運(yùn)動(dòng)性腦震蕩相關(guān)研究進(jìn)行了評(píng)估和評(píng)級(jí)。他們說最近的證據(jù)填補(bǔ)了一些空白。例如：

• Teen girls face higher risks than boys for concussions when playing the same sport by the same rules
• 按同樣的規(guī)則做同樣的運(yùn)動(dòng)，少女比男孩面臨更大的腦震蕩風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
• Hockey body checking bans reduce concussions in players under 13
• 曲棍球身體檢查禁令減少13歲以下運(yùn)動(dòng)員的腦震蕩
• Limiting contact in youth tackle football results in fewer head impacts.
• 在青少年鏟球比賽中限制接觸會(huì)減少頭部撞擊。

“Parents worry, ‘Is one concussion to my child going to result in him having dementia at age 50?’” said lead author, Dr. Frederick Rivara. “And the data are pretty clear that the answer is no.”

“家長(zhǎng)們擔(dān)心，'我的孩子一次腦震蕩會(huì)導(dǎo)致他在50歲時(shí)癡呆嗎?”主要作者弗雷德里克·里瓦拉博士說。“數(shù)據(jù)很清楚，答案是否定的。”

But it remains uncertain how many concussions are too many, when to call it quits, and what are the long-term consequences of multiple concussions in youth sports. Still, parents shouldn’t let the unknowns and undue fears keep kids from playing sports, he said.

但目前仍不清楚到底有多少腦震蕩太多，何時(shí)叫停，以及青少年體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中多發(fā)腦震蕩的長(zhǎng)期后果如何。他說，盡管如此，家長(zhǎng)們不應(yīng)該讓這些未知和不必要的恐懼阻礙孩子們參加體育活動(dòng)。

“The last thing we want to tell kids is not to be active,” said Rivara, a pediatrician and injury prevention researcher at the University of Washington’s medical school.

華盛頓大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院兒科醫(yī)生和傷害預(yù)防研究員里瓦拉說：“我們最不想告訴孩子們不要太積極。”

The panel’s consensus statement was published online Monday in the journal JAMA Pediatrics.

專家組的共識(shí)聲明周一在《美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)兒科雜志》在線發(fā)表。

Among the conclusions:

結(jié)論如下：

• Kids should be taught collision techniques before beginning play in contact sports.
• 在開始接觸式運(yùn)動(dòng)之前，孩子們應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)碰撞技術(shù)。
• There is not conclusive evidence that younger children face higher risks for getting sports-related concussions.
• 沒有確鑿的證據(jù)表明年幼的孩子更容易患上與運(yùn)動(dòng)有關(guān)的腦震蕩。
• Evidence is inconclusive on whether multiple childhood concussions are linked with long-term neurological changes
• 關(guān)于兒童多發(fā)性腦震蕩是否與長(zhǎng)期的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)改變有關(guān)，目前尚無定論。
• Technology that measures head impact exposure, and advanced brain imaging techniques, are both experimental and not ready for use.
• 測(cè)量頭部撞擊暴露的技術(shù)，以及先進(jìn)的腦成像技術(shù)，都是實(shí)驗(yàn)性的，還沒有準(zhǔn)備好投入使用。
• Helmets should be worn in high-impact sports though there’s little or no evidence that headgear prevents concussion in rugby and soccer.
• 在高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)中應(yīng)該戴頭盔，盡管很少或沒有證據(jù)表明頭盔可以防止橄欖球和足球中的腦震蕩。

Also called mild traumatic brain injury, concussions are caused by a bump or jolt to the head. The impact causes the brain to bounce or twist, potentially damaging brain cells. Repeated concussions have been linked with a debilitating brain disease found in autopsies on some retired football players.

腦震蕩也被稱為輕度創(chuàng)傷性腦損傷，腦震蕩是由頭部的撞擊或顛簸引起的。撞擊會(huì)導(dǎo)致大腦反彈或扭曲，可能會(huì)損傷腦細(xì)胞。在一些退役足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員的尸檢中發(fā)現(xiàn)，反復(fù)的腦震蕩與使人衰弱的大腦疾病有關(guān)。