研究:即使有準(zhǔn)確的信息，人類(lèi)也會(huì)“自我制造錯(cuò)誤信息”

研究:即使有準(zhǔn)確的信息，人類(lèi)也會(huì)“自我制造錯(cuò)誤信息”

Although social media giants such as Facebook and Twitter have taken heat for spreading misinformation, it turns out that we — all of us — may be our own worst enemies in the battle against the scourge of fake news.

盡管Facebook和Twitter等社交媒體巨頭因傳播錯(cuò)誤信息而備受指責(zé)，但事實(shí)證明，在打擊假新聞的斗爭(zhēng)中，我們所有人都可能是自己最大的敵人。

A new study found that people given accurate statistics on controversial topics tend to misremember those numbers in order to fit their own commonly held beliefs.

一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們對(duì)有爭(zhēng)議的話題給出準(zhǔn)確的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，為了符合自己的普遍信念，往往會(huì)記錯(cuò)這些數(shù)字。

In the study, when people were shown that the number of Mexican immigrants in the United States declined recently — which is true but has gone against most people’s beliefs — they tended to recall the opposite.

在這項(xiàng)研究中，當(dāng)人們看到美國(guó)的墨西哥移民數(shù)量最近有所下降時(shí)——這是事實(shí)，但與大多數(shù)人的信念相悖——他們往往會(huì)回憶起相反的事情。

For example, most people believed that the number of Mexican immigrants in the US grew between 2007 and 2014. But, in fact, the number declined from 12.8 million in 2007 to 11.7 million in 2014.

例如，大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為，美國(guó)的墨西哥移民數(shù)量在2007年至2014年間有所增長(zhǎng)。但事實(shí)上，這個(gè)數(shù)字從2007年的1280萬(wàn)下降到了2014年的1170萬(wàn)。

People could then pass along this misinformation, pushing the numbers further away from the truth.

然后，人們可能會(huì)傳播這種錯(cuò)誤信息，使數(shù)字與真相進(jìn)一步背離。

“People can self-generate their own misinformation. It doesn’t all come from external sources,” Jason Coronel, the lead author of the study and assistant professor of communication at the Ohio State University, said in a statement.

“人們可以自己制造錯(cuò)誤信息。”研究報(bào)告的主要作者、俄亥俄州立大學(xué)(Ohio State University)傳播學(xué)助理教授杰森·科羅內(nèi)爾(Jason Coronel)在一份聲明中說(shuō)。

Coronel conducted the study with two doctoral students from the university and it was published online in the journal Human Communication Research.

Coronel和來(lái)自該大學(xué)的兩名博士生一起進(jìn)行了這項(xiàng)研究，研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《人類(lèi)交流研究》雜志的網(wǎng)絡(luò)版上。

They said they conducted two separate experiments to measure how users responded regarding societal issues that involved numerical information.

他們說(shuō)，他們進(jìn)行了兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的實(shí)驗(yàn)，以衡量用戶(hù)對(duì)涉及數(shù)字信息的社會(huì)問(wèn)題的反應(yīng)。

“We need to realize that internal sources of misinformation can possibly be as significant as or more significant than external sources,” said Shannon Poulsen, a doctoral student at the Ohio State University.

“我們需要認(rèn)識(shí)到，錯(cuò)誤信息的內(nèi)部來(lái)源可能與外部來(lái)源同樣重要，甚至更重要，”俄亥俄州立大學(xué)(Ohio State University)博士生香農(nóng)·保爾森(Shannon Poulsen)說(shuō)。

“We live with our biases all day, but we only come into contact with false information occasionally.”

“我們整天生活在偏見(jiàn)中，但我們只是偶爾接觸到虛假信息。”