在人類骨髓移植后，犯罪現(xiàn)場DNA的可靠性受到了質疑

在人類骨髓移植后，犯罪現(xiàn)場DNA的可靠性受到了質疑

When Chris Long received a bone marrow transplant, he knew that the procedure might be the only thing to treat his recent diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes – two rare conditions that impair the production of healthy blood cells.

當克里斯·朗接受骨髓移植時，他知道這個過程可能是治療他最近診斷的急性髓系白血病和骨髓增生異常綜合征的唯一方法——這兩種罕見的情況會損害健康血細胞的產(chǎn)生。

His colleagues saw a scientific opportunity.

他的同事們看到了一個科學機會。

Four years after his treatment, DNA analysis shows that parts of Long now contain more than just stem cells from his donor, a German man who lives thousands of miles away. Lip, cheek, and tongue swabs revealed that his donor’s DNA was present at fluctuating levels throughout the years, while his donor’s DNA had entirely replaced Long’s semen. The only regions that were not affected were his chest and head hair.

在接受治療四年后，DNA分析顯示，朗的部分器官現(xiàn)在不僅含有來自他的捐獻者的干細胞，還有來自數(shù)千英里之外的德國人。唇、臉頰和舌拭子顯示，朗的供體DNA多年來一直處于波動水平，而供體DNA則完全取代了朗的精液。唯一沒有受到影響的是他的胸部和頭發(fā)。

Bone marrow transplants treat blood cancers and blood diseases such as leukemia, lymphoma, and sickle cell anemia. Healthy blood-forming stem cells are inserted into a patient’s bloodstream from a donor to replace unhealthy and poor-producing blood cells – DNA and all, according to the Mayo Clinic.

骨髓移植治療血癌和血液病，如白血病、淋巴瘤和鐮狀細胞性貧血。根據(jù)梅奧診所的說法，健康的造血干細胞被從供體移植到患者的血液中，以取代不健康和產(chǎn)生不良血液的細胞——DNA和其他所有細胞。

Long became a chimera of sorts – someone with two sets of DNA. Chimerism in humans is extremely rare with less than 100 documented cases, including a 1953 report published in the British Medical Journal in which a woman was found to contain two types of blood due to cells from her twin brother living in her body. The condition has wreaked havoc on families as well; a man failed his paternity test because a part of his genome belongs to his unborn twin, and a Washington woman was forced to fight for the custody of her child after her genetic makeup did not match that of her children.

朗變成了某種嵌合體——擁有兩套DNA的人。人類嵌合癥極其罕見，僅有不到100例有文獻記載的病例，其中包括1953年發(fā)表在《英國醫(yī)學雜志》(British Medical Journal)上的一份報告，報告中發(fā)現(xiàn)一名女性體內(nèi)存在兩種類型的血液，原因是她的孿生兄弟的細胞活在她體內(nèi)。這種情況也對家庭造成了嚴重破壞;一名男子未能通過親子鑒定，因為他的部分基因組屬于他未出生的雙胞胎，而一名華盛頓婦女由于基因組成與她的孩子不匹配而被迫爭奪孩子的監(jiān)護權。