一項(xiàng)新的研究給火星的可居住性帶來了巨大的打擊

一項(xiàng)新的研究給火星的可居住性帶來了巨大的打擊

Of all the planets in our solar system, Mars is thought to be our best chance at finding life outside of Earth. There’s obviously not much happening on the surface, but pockets of ice and even water exist in some areas of the planet, and there’s a tiny, almost impossibly slim chance that something very tiny might be living there.

在我們太陽系的所有行星中，火星被認(rèn)為是我們在地球之外尋找生命的最佳機(jī)會。表面上顯然沒有發(fā)生太多的變化，但是在這個星球的某些區(qū)域存在著冰甚至水，而且非常微小的東西在那里生活的可能性很小，幾乎是不可能的。

Or, at least that’s what some scientists were hoping for, but a new study published by researchers from several institutions suggests that even that narrow possibility is probably also nonexistent.

或者，至少這是一些科學(xué)家所希望的，但來自幾個機(jī)構(gòu)的研究人員發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)新研究表明，即使是這種微小的可能性也可能不存在。

We think we have a pretty good idea of what ingredients are required for life to exist. One of the big ones is water, and Mars has it. Much of it is locked away in ice, but Mars also has salt, and the combination of water and salt dramatically lowers its freezing point, meaning that puddles of ultra-salty brine could still exist on the surface.

我們認(rèn)為我們很清楚生命存在所需的成分。其中一個大的是水，火星有水。它的大部分被鎖在冰里，但火星上也有鹽，水和鹽的結(jié)合大大降低了它的冰點(diǎn)，這意味著表面上仍可能存在超咸水坑。

To determine the likelihood that such puddles could support life, the researchers built an atmospheric model based on what we already know about the planet. Then using the simulated climate, they tested whether briny puddles could persist for long periods of time. Unfortunately, the data points in the opposite direction of life.

為了確定這些水坑能夠維持生命的可能性，研究人員根據(jù)我們對地球的了解建立了一個大氣模型。然后利用模擬的氣候，他們測試了鹽水坑是否能長期存在。不幸的是，這些數(shù)據(jù)指向了生命的相反方向。

“Our team looked at specific regions on Mars to understand if they could be habitable,” Dr. Alejandro Soto, co-author of the study, said in a statement.

“我們的團(tuán)隊(duì)研究了火星上的特定區(qū)域以了解它們是否適合居住，”該研究的合著者亞歷杭德羅·索托博士在一份聲明中說。

“We used Martian climate information from both atmospheric models and spacecraft measurements. We developed a model to predict where, when and for how long brines are stable on the surface and shallow subsurface of Mars.”

“我們使用了來自大氣模型和航天器測量的火星氣候信息。我們開發(fā)了一個模型來預(yù)測火星表面和淺層地下的鹽水穩(wěn)定的時間、地點(diǎn)和持續(xù)時間。”

The results showed that even under the most favorable conditions, puddles of super-salty water would only be stable on the planet’s surface during certain times of the year.

結(jié)果表明，即使在最有利的條件下，超咸水坑也只會在一年中的某些時候穩(wěn)定地存在于地球表面。

“Even extreme life on Earth has its limits, and we found that brine formation from some salts can lead to liquid water over 40% of the Martian surface but only seasonally, during 2% of the Martian year,” Soto says.

索托說：“即使是地球上的極端生命也有其局限性，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些鹽類形成的鹽水可以導(dǎo)致火星表面40%以上的液態(tài)水，但這只是季節(jié)性的，即在火星一年的2%時間里。”

So yeah, that’s a bit of a bummer. The good news is that NASA’s Perseverance rover will soon be headed to Mars, and it’ll be gathering samples of the surface and conducting experiments that could reveal whether life has ever existed on the planet.

所以，是的，這有點(diǎn)讓人失望。好消息是，美國宇航局的“毅力”號探測器不久將前往火星，它將收集火星表面的樣本，并進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，以揭示火星上是否曾經(jīng)存在生命。