課本中不會(huì)教你的748　不定式的主謂關(guān)系和動(dòng)賓關(guān)系

748　不定式的主謂關(guān)系和動(dòng)賓關(guān)系

① 不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，與其所修飾的詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。

He had no one to look after him. 他沒(méi)有得到任何人的照顧。（主謂關(guān)系：No one looked after him.）

He had no one to look after. 沒(méi)有人需要他照顧。（動(dòng)賓關(guān)系：He looked after no one.）

② 不定式與其所修飾的詞具有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式必須是及物動(dòng)詞，而且后面不可再有賓語(yǔ)；如果不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，后面要加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，同被修飾的詞構(gòu)成介賓關(guān)系。

他想租一間房子住。

He wants to rent a room to live.

（不可說(shuō)live a room）

He wants to rent a room to live in.

（live in a room）

她找到了一張凳子坐。

She found a bench to sit.

（不可說(shuō)sit a bench）

She found a bench to sit on.

（sit on a bench）

秋天是旅游的最好季節(jié)。

Autumn is the best season to travel.

Autumn is the best season to travel in.

（travel in autumn）

He has no paper to write on. 他沒(méi)有寫(xiě)字的紙。（“在紙上寫(xiě)字”要說(shuō)成write on paper，不能說(shuō)write paper，但可以說(shuō)write a letter）

He has no pen to write with. 他沒(méi)有寫(xiě)東西的鋼筆。（“用鋼筆寫(xiě)”應(yīng)是write with pen，不能說(shuō)write pen）

She had no pen to write the letter with. 她沒(méi)有鋼筆寫(xiě)信。

提示

①如果不定式所修飾的詞是way或place，介詞可省略。

He has no way to go（by）. 他無(wú)路可走。

This is the best place to work（at）. 這是最好的工作地方。

②上述結(jié)構(gòu)也可以改為“介詞+關(guān)系代詞+動(dòng)詞”。

He wants to hire a house in which to live.

She has no pen with which to write the letter.