① 不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí),與其所修飾的詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
He had no one to look after him. 他沒(méi)有得到任何人的照顧。(主謂關(guān)系:No one looked after him.)
He had no one to look after. 沒(méi)有人需要他照顧。(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系:He looked after no one.)
② 不定式與其所修飾的詞具有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí),不定式必須是及物動(dòng)詞,而且后面不可再有賓語(yǔ);如果不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞,后面要加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~,同被修飾的詞構(gòu)成介賓關(guān)系。
他想租一間房子住。
He wants to rent a room to live.
(不可說(shuō)live a room)
He wants to rent a room to live in.
(live in a room)
她找到了一張凳子坐。
She found a bench to sit.
(不可說(shuō)sit a bench)
She found a bench to sit on.
(sit on a bench)
秋天是旅游的最好季節(jié)。
Autumn is the best season to travel.
Autumn is the best season to travel in.
(travel in autumn)
He has no paper to write on. 他沒(méi)有寫(xiě)字的紙。(“在紙上寫(xiě)字”要說(shuō)成write on paper,不能說(shuō)write paper,但可以說(shuō)write a letter)
He has no pen to write with. 他沒(méi)有寫(xiě)東西的鋼筆。(“用鋼筆寫(xiě)”應(yīng)是write with pen,不能說(shuō)write pen)
She had no pen to write the letter with. 她沒(méi)有鋼筆寫(xiě)信。
提示
①如果不定式所修飾的詞是way或place,介詞可省略。
He has no way to go(by). 他無(wú)路可走。
This is the best place to work(at). 這是最好的工作地方。
②上述結(jié)構(gòu)也可以改為“介詞+關(guān)系代詞+動(dòng)詞”。
He wants to hire a house in which to live.
She has no pen with which to write the letter.