高中語法專練：iv. 同位語從句

iv. 同位語從句

1. that同位語從句

1）同位語從句一般由that引導(dǎo)，而且不能省略，相當于表語從句所起的作用。

We should face the fact that we have run out of money.

我們應(yīng)該面對我們已經(jīng)花完錢的事實。

There's no doubt that we will finish our work within two hours.

毫無疑問我們兩小時內(nèi)將完成我們的工作。

2）有時候，為了避免句子頭重腳輕，同位語從句可以與名詞分割開來。

Word came that the front was in great need of medical workers.

傳來消息說前方急需醫(yī)療工作者。

News reached Shanghai that Liu Xiang broke the world record in the match.

傳到上海的消息說劉翔在比賽中破世界紀錄了。

3）后可接同位語從句的抽象名詞有：fact, belief, hope, idea, doubt, news, rumor, conclusion, evidence, suggestion, problem, order, answer, decision, discovery, explanation, information, knowledge, law, truth, opinion, promise, report, thought, statement, possibility, advice等。

The news that we won the game is exciting.

我們贏得比賽的消息令人激動。

The advice that we should have a rest is reasonable.

我們應(yīng)該休息一下的建議是合情合理的。

2. wh- 引導(dǎo)同位語從句

1）引導(dǎo)同位語從句的wh-連詞在從句中作一定的成分，而且表達意義。

The problem where we can get money hasn't been solved.

我們?nèi)ツ睦锔愕藉X的問題仍然沒有解決。

2）引導(dǎo)同位語從句的wh-連詞不能省略。

Have you any idea how soon they are coming?

你不知道他們多久就回來了嗎？

My original question , why he did it at all, has not been answered.

我原先的問題——為什么他做了此事——還沒有得到答復(fù)。

3）同位名詞多含有疑問意義，如doubt, wonder, problem, question, no idea等。

I have no idea what has happened to him.

我不知道他出了什么事情。

有時候，為避免句子頭重腳輕，同位語從句可與名詞分隔開來。

3. 同位語從句與定語從句之區(qū)別：

1）that在定語從句中既代替先行詞，又在從句中作一定成分。而that在同位語從句中只起連接作用，不在句中作任何成分。

The news that our team was defeated surprised all of us students. （同位語從句）

我們隊被打敗的消息使我們學(xué)生都很吃驚。

The news that we heard at the meeting was surprising. （定語從句，先行詞在主句中作heard的賓語）

我們在會議上聽到的消息是令人吃驚的。

2）定語從句是形容詞性的，對先行詞進行修飾、限定，描述其性質(zhì)和特征。同位語從句是名詞性的，對名詞進行補充說明和解釋。

The proposal he put forward is to be discussed at the meeting. （定語從句，省略關(guān)系代詞）

他提出的建議將要在會議上討論。

The proposal that we should learn a second foreign language is to be discussed at the meeting. （同位語從句）

我們應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)一門二外的建議將要在會議上討論。

3）名詞doubt在肯定句中，后跟whether引導(dǎo)的同位語從句；doubt在否定句或疑問句中，后跟that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。

I have no doubt that our class will win the game.

我不懷疑我們班將會贏得比賽。

There's still some doubt whether he is telling a lie.

她是否在說謊仍然有疑問。

Do you still have any doubt that I can finish the work in time?

你仍然懷疑我是否能按時完成這項工作嗎？

4）who引導(dǎo)的疑問句中，doubt后跟that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。

Who will have the doubt that he can do the job well?

誰會懷疑他能做好這項工作呢？

4. 常見的同位語從句與同位名詞分割開來的句型有：

Word came that ...有消息傳來說……

News arrived that ...有消息傳來說……

Order reached sb. that ...某人收到命令……

A story goes that ...有個故事這樣說……

Information has been put forward that ...傳來的信息為……

The fact remains that ...事實仍然是……

Suddenly the thought came to me that ...我突然想起……

The fact has to be faced that ... 不得不面對的事實是……

The fact has to be faced that we have run out our money.

我們面對的事實是我們已經(jīng)花光了錢。

專項練習(xí)

1. Word came _______ I was wanted on the phone.

A. which

B. why

C. that

D. whether

2. An idea came to her _______ she might do the experiment in another way.

A. which

B. why

C. that

D. whether

3. Along with the letter was his promise _______ he would visit me this coming Christmas.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. whether

4. Information has been put forward _______ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

A. while

B. that

C. when

D. why

5. A story goes _______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.

A. when

B. where

C. what

D. that

6. I have no doubt _______ he will get through the examination.

A. that

B. whether

C. if

D. as

7. One of the men held the view _______ the book said was right.

A. that what

B. what that

C. that

D. whether

8. He always works hard even if he knows the fact _______ he is not in good health.

A. which

B. that

C. why

D. while

9. We all know the truth _______ there is air, water and sunlight, there are living things.

A. in wherever

B. that wherever

C. where

D. that

10. The social problem _______ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.

A. whether

B. if

C. what

D. which

11. Do you have any idea _______?

A. how I was worried

B. how worried I was

C. how worried was I

D. what I was worried

12. _______ came that we would go to Nanjing for social investigation.

A. Words

B. The word

C. A word

D. Word

13. Today there is evidence _______ the resources of the sea are as seriously threatened as those of the land.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. /

14. The news _______ Lincoln was murdered filled the American people's hearts with deep sorrow.

A. which

B. when

C. that

D. how

15. There is no doubt _______ Premier Wen Jiabao is an excellent leader.

A. that

B. whether

C. if

D. /

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