高中語法專練：vii. 分詞構成的獨立主格結構

vii. 分詞構成的獨立主格結構

1. 分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語與句子的主語應該一致，否則，分詞應有自己的邏輯主語，構成分詞的獨立主格結構。

Not having learned the idioms before, he couldn't understand the meaning of these sentences.

因為以前沒有學過這個習語，他不明白這些句子的意思。

Badly injured in the traffic accident, the driver was taken to the hospital.

因為在交通事故中嚴重受傷，司機被送往醫(yī)院了。

It being such a fine day , the family decided to have a trip to the seaside.

因為是好天，這家人決定到海邊去旅行。

2. 獨立主格結構一般位于句首。由 “名詞/代詞+分詞” 構成。表示時間、原因、條件、方式或伴隨等。句子模式為“主語+分詞+主謂結構”或“主謂結構+主語+分詞”。

Homework done , he left the room.

家庭作業(yè)做完之后他離開了房間。

The meeting being over , they went out one by one.

會議結束了，他們一個接一個出來了。

Nobody having more to say , the meeting was closed.

由于沒人有更多的話要說，會議就結束了。

Everything taken into consideration , this plan seems to be more reasonable.

若把一切都考慮在內(nèi)，這個計劃似乎更合理。

The work done , we felt relieved.

工作完成了，我們覺得輕松了。

There being no more buses , they went home on foot.

因不再有公交車，他們只好步行回家了。

3. 表示伴隨情況時，常位于句末。

He returned home three days later, his face covered with mud and his clothes torn into pieces .

三天后他回到了家里，臉上沾滿泥土，衣服扯成了碎片。

He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head .

他躺在草地上，雙手交叉放在頭下面。

He came in, a dog following him quietly .

他進來了，一只狗靜靜地跟著他。

4. 獨立主格結構有時可以用with或without引導，作定語或狀語。

Without a word more spoken , she left the room.

沒有多說一句話，她就離開了房間。

With weather permitting , we'll go there on foot.

如果天公作美，我們將步行去那里。

5. 除分詞外，獨立主格結構還可以用不定式、形容詞、介詞、副詞或名詞等。詳見本書第十一章內(nèi)容 。

He stood there, pipe in mouth .

他站在那里，嘴里含著煙斗。

He came in, book in hand .

他手里面拿著書本進來了。

With a lot of work to do , they decided to stay at home.

由于那么多工作要做，他們決定呆在家里。

With all the work on hand , he shouldn't have gone to the cinema last night.

因為手頭上都是要做的工作，昨天夜里他真不應該去看電影。

專項練習

1. He walked up and down the room for half an hour, _______ behind him.

A. with his hands clasping

B. his hands clasped

C. his hands were clasped

D. as his hands clasped

2. The two prisoners of war came into the room, _______ by two soldiers, _______.

A. followed; guns in hand

B. followed; gun in hand

C. following; gun in hands

D. following; guns in hands

3. The sun _______ , the birds went into their nests.

A. set down

B. sets down

C. setting

D. sets

4. _______ , the lecture began.

A. The listeners having taken their seats

B. Having taken their seats

C. Taking their seats

D. The listeners to take their seats

5. _______ , a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.

A. Other things being equal

B. Other things were equal

C. To be equal to other things

D. Other things to be equal

6. It _______ heavily, the game had to be delayed.

A. was snowing

B. snowing

C. snowed

D. had snowed

答案速查　1—6　BBCAAB