高中語(yǔ)法專練：viii. 分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)形式

所屬教程:全新高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專練

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2020年07月12日

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viii. 分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)形式

1. 分詞的時(shí)態(tài)：反映出分詞動(dòng)作與全句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之間的先后關(guān)系

1）一般式：分詞表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生（幾乎同時(shí)）或表示正在發(fā)生。兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，也可用“when/while +分詞結(jié)構(gòu)”。

Arriving at the station , he found the train. (幾乎同時(shí))

到了火車站他就找到了火車。

The students sitting in this classroom are having English contest. (同時(shí))

坐在教室里的學(xué)生正在進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)競(jìng)賽。

The man planting trees in front of the building is our class teacher. (進(jìn)行)

在樓前面植樹(shù)的那個(gè)人是我們的班主任。

Don't talk while eating .

吃飯的時(shí)候不要講話。

When leaving , she waved to everyone of us.

離開(kāi)的時(shí)候，她向我們大家揮手致意。

2）完成式：分詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前。作定語(yǔ)時(shí)直接用過(guò)去分詞，表示動(dòng)作已完成，并具有被動(dòng)含義。

Not having tried his best , he failed in the exam.

因?yàn)闆](méi)有盡力而為，他考試失敗了。

The boy saved by a soldier came to himself soon.

被一位戰(zhàn)士救出的那個(gè)男孩不久就蘇醒了。

Having been beaten seriously, the enemy ran away in all directions.

被痛打之后，敵人四處逃竄。

2. 分詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)：如果分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，就要用被動(dòng)式。

1）一般被動(dòng)式表示正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。

The questions being discussed at the meeting are of great importance.

會(huì)議上正在被討論的問(wèn)題很重要。

Being asked to give a performance , she couldn't refuse it.

當(dāng)被請(qǐng)求進(jìn)行表演的時(shí)候，她不好意思拒絕。

In those days, they often went to the bank to watch the ship being loaded and unloaded .

在那些日子，他們經(jīng)常去河岸觀看船只裝卸。

2）完成被動(dòng)式強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞表示的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。

Having been warned about typhoon , the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbor.

被警告有臺(tái)風(fēng)之后漁民們向最近的港口駛?cè)ァ?/p>

Not having been invited to the ball , she felt very angry.

由于沒(méi)有被邀請(qǐng)參加舞會(huì)，她感到很生氣。

Having been given such a good chance , how could he let it slip away?

給了如此好的一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，他怎么能讓它溜掉呢？

The decision having been made , the next problem was how to make a good plan.

決定已經(jīng)做出了，下一個(gè)問(wèn)題是如何制定一個(gè)好計(jì)劃。

3. 分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)——垂懸分詞：當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是主句的主語(yǔ)，而且在句中垂懸無(wú)依時(shí)，就是所謂的垂懸分詞。這些分詞已經(jīng)成為固定的形式，使用時(shí)不必考慮其邏輯主語(yǔ)。其結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)常用來(lái)作插入語(yǔ), 常見(jiàn)的有：generally speaking, frankly speaking, talking of, speaking of, strictly speaking, judging from/by, taking everything into consideration等

Judging from his face , he must be ill.

從他的臉色判斷，他一定生病了。

Generally speaking , it doesn't snow in winter in Shanghai.

一般說(shuō)來(lái)，上海冬天不會(huì)下雪。

Judging from his accent , he came from America.

從他的口音判斷，他來(lái)自美國(guó)。

Taking everything into consideration , this article was good.

若把一切都考慮在內(nèi)，這篇文章不錯(cuò)的。

專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1. _______ by the police, the kidnappers had nothing to do but _______ up.

A. Surrounding; to give

B. Having surrounded; give