高效組織會議——提出一個論點 Presenting an Argument

提出一個論點　Presenting an Argument

會議的類型五花八門。但是，有一種會議是在主席（chairman）主持下的正式會議（formal meeting）。主持引導這樣的正式會議時，大部分用詞都是格式化的（stylized），也就是說一樣的話被用在所有的情景之中，當然也根據(jù)“正式”程度的不同劃分。

開門見山，點名議題

☉I would like to begin by saying……

首先我想說的是……

☉The most important points seem to me to be……

在我看來最重要的議點是……

☉To begin with……

以……來開始

☉First，……second，……third，……finally，……

首先……其次……再次……最后……

☉First, let’s consider……

首先，讓我們考慮……

☉There are four points I would like to make……

有四點我要說明……

介紹新的議題

☉In addition……

此外……

☉Not only do we have……，but also……

不僅僅要做我們手頭的……而且還有……

☉Furthermore，……

此外……

☉I would like to address another issue briefly, that of……

我想簡略地處理一個問題，那就是……

☉Another problem I’d like to focus on is……

我想另外的一個值得關注的問題就是……

☉Moreover，……

還有……

舉例說明，對比表達

☉A case in point is……

一個典型的例子就是……

☉Let me give you an example……

讓我來給你們舉一個例子……

☉On one hand……，on the other hand……

一方面……另一方面……

☉In spite of……，we should still remember……

盡管……但我們仍然應該記得……

歸納總結并表明個人傾向

☉On the whole……

總的來說……

☉Overall……

總之……

☉All things considered……

從整體來看……

☉I’d rather see……

我傾向認為……

☉I’d like……

我想要……

綜合論述

☉Let me conclude with……

讓我們以……來作為總結。

☉Finally，……

最后……

☉Let me conclude by reiterating that……

讓我最后重申……

☉To summarize, I’d like to say……

作為總結，我想說……

☉Allow me to conclude by saying……

請允許我最后說……

總結

“提出一個論點”可以被理解為表明自己的一個觀點，無論是舉例還是對比，概括還是下結論，都在為自己的觀點服務，都是要告訴別人你想聽到什么或者你傾向什么。

Words　單詞表

accommodate容納；協(xié)調

accommodation住宿

elaborate詳細述說；詳細的

eliminate消除，刪除

earmark專用

fiscal財政的，財務的

gain贏?。毁嵢?

generation產生，生成

monies款項，資金

oversight監(jiān)督；檢查

popular受歡迎的

proper合適的，適宜的

prudent審慎的，謹慎的

reiterate重申

resource資源，財力

spending支出，經費

taxpayer納稅人

venue地點

Phrases　短語表

auditing action審計行動

check and balance制約平衡

discuss an issue討論事宜

earmark for預留的

governing body主管機構

historical tourist site歷史旅游景點

influx of（sth）（某事物）涌入

lighten a burden減輕負擔

operating fund營運資金，周轉基金

pave roads鋪路

pressing issue緊迫問題

sheer number大量，眾多

take a moment（to do sth）花一點時間來做（某事）

tax cut減稅

tax increase增稅

vote on（sth）表決（某事）

實景對話1

A：Before we vote on it, let's take a moment to discuss the issue. George，

I believe you know more about the new tax cuts than anyone else. Would you care to share with us?

B：I'd be happy to. I would like to begin by saying tax increases are never popular, and everyone is interested in cutting taxes. However, the most important points seem to me to be the generation of fiscal resources and the check and balance of prudent spending.

A：Very well……

B：To begin with, the only way that governmental bodies can gain their operating funds is to collect taxes or to impose use fees. First, we allagree that we'd like to lighten the burden on taxpayers, but are unsure if tax cuts are the best way to do it.Second, we also agree that we need to find ways to generate more funding.Third, supporters of the tax cut propose that more funding can be generated by shifting around the current budget.Finally, I'd like to suggest that it is impossible to shift around the current budget without proper oversight from an outside agency.

A：Could you elaborate?

B：Let me give you an example. If the council were to start shifting monies around without an outside overseer auditing their actions, perhaps funding specifically earmarked for the schools would end up being used to pave the roads. On one hand, we are solving pressing financial issues, on the other, we are robbing Peter to pay Paul.

A：Understood.

B：Allow me to conclude by saying, even though tax cuts seem like a good idea, they introduce problems into our budgeting system. We cannot keep a balanced budget by shifting funding.To reiterate, we must have some form of financial oversight.

A：在我們進行表決以前，讓我們先討論討論這個問題。喬治，我相信你比任何人都了解新的減稅計劃，你是否愿意和我們分享一下？

B：我很樂意。首先我想說的是增稅從來就不受歡迎，而每個人都對減稅興趣盎然。但是，在我看來最重要的是新的財政資源生成和審慎開支的制衡。

A：太好了……

B：首先，政府機構是通過征稅或強制收取使用費來獲取運轉資金的。第一，我們大家都同意要減輕納稅人負擔，但是不能肯定減稅是最好的途徑。第二，我們也同意要開辟途徑來獲取更多的運轉資金。第三，減稅的支持者建議通過調整預算來獲取更多的資金。最后，我想說，如果沒有外部機構合理的監(jiān)督，調整預算是不可能實現(xiàn)的。

A：能詳細說明一下嗎？

B：讓我來給您舉個例子。如果沒有對其行為的審計監(jiān)督的話，地方議會可能將專用于學校的撥款用于鋪路。一方面我們正在解決財政壓力的問題，而另一方面我們要挖肉補瘡。

A：明白。

B：請允許我總結說明，盡管減稅看起來是個好主意，但是它會給我們的預算系統(tǒng)帶來麻煩，轉移資金很難確保預算的平衡。重申一下，我們必須得有某種形式的財政監(jiān)督。

實景對話2

A：Now to the next item on our agenda, discussing the venue for the international convention. Susan, did you have something to say about this item?

B：Yes, thank you. There are four points I would like to make.First, to begin with, attendees for this convention will be coming from all areas of Asia, so I believe the city we choose to hold our event in must be easily accessible from international origins. That would eliminate some of our choices.In addition, not only do we have people coming from outside of China, but we also have language issues to address.We'll have to be able to accommodate those people who may not speak local languages.That would mean choosing a venue that has available translation support.

A：That is very insightful……

B：Moreover, because we expect an influx of thousands of visitors to the conference, we've got to consider accommodations. Another problem I'd like to focus on is the fact that three out of five of our choices are small cities which may not be able to handle the sheer numbers.

A：So that would leave two cities, Shanghai and Beijing.

B：My fourth and final point, is that first-time visitors to China would also be most interested in an area that would have more historical tourist sites. To summarize, I'd like to say that I see our only viable option for this convention is Beijing.

A：現(xiàn)在我們進入議程的下一項，討論關于國際公約（簽署）場地事宜。蘇珊，關于這項您有什么要說的嗎？

B：是的，謝謝。有4點我要說明。首先，該公約活動的參與者來自亞洲各地，所以我認為我們要選擇的城市需有地緣優(yōu)勢。這樣我們的很多選項將被排除。此外，還有來自中國以外的國家的人，因此我們還得解決語言問題，必須為這些有語言障礙的人提供便利，那就意味著要選擇一個有合適的語言翻譯的場地。

A：這倒是很有見地……

B：還有，因為預料會有大量的訪問者參加該大會，那我們就一定得考慮住宿。

另外一個值得關注的問題是，我們手頭5個可供選擇的城市有3個是小城鎮(zhèn)，這3個小城鎮(zhèn)無法應對那么多的來訪者。

A：這樣說來就剩兩個城市了——上海和北京。

B：我想說的第四點也就是最后一點，第一次來中國的訪問者會對歷史旅游景點表現(xiàn)出極大的興趣?？傊?，我認為，在我看來我們這次簽約的唯一選擇是北京。