研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，學(xué)齡前兒童正在使用專為成人設(shè)計(jì)的應(yīng)用程序

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，學(xué)齡前兒童正在使用專為成人設(shè)計(jì)的應(yīng)用程序

Relaxing the rules on screen time for kids has become more acceptable during the pandemic as parents struggle to balance working from home with the demands of childcare, schoolwork.

在流行病期間，放松對(duì)孩子屏幕時(shí)間的規(guī)定已變得更容易被接受，因?yàn)榧议L(zhǎng)們正在努力平衡在家工作與照顧兒童、課業(yè)的需求。

"As long as they're eating healthy, getting exercise, sleeping, getting downtime, I think it's OK to be a little bit more lenient on your screen time rules," pediatrician and author Dr. Tanya Altmann told CNN Chief Medical Correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta on a recent podcast.

兒科醫(yī)生、作家塔尼亞·阿爾特曼醫(yī)生在最近的一個(gè)播客中告訴CNN首席醫(yī)療記者桑杰·古普塔:“只要他們飲食健康、鍛煉身體、睡眠充足、休息時(shí)間充足，我認(rèn)為對(duì)屏幕時(shí)間的規(guī)定稍微寬松一點(diǎn)是可以的。”

But that doesn't mean parents should relax their vigilance on the type of content their child is viewing or forget to keep tabs on total time spent on screens.

但這并不意味著父母應(yīng)該放松對(duì)孩子觀看內(nèi)容類型的警惕，或者忘記關(guān)注孩子花在屏幕上的總時(shí)間。

Violent and adult material

暴力和成人內(nèi)容

Children as young as 3 years old are accessing apps intended for users over the age of 17 with adult themes, such as gambling and violence, according to a new study published Monday in Pediatrics. The study followed the screen use of 350 children ages 3 and 4 for a nine-month period between 2018 and 2019.

根據(jù)周一發(fā)表在《兒科學(xué)》上的一項(xiàng)新研究，3歲的兒童正在使用專為17歲以上用戶設(shè)計(jì)的帶有賭博和暴力等成人主題的應(yīng)用程序。這項(xiàng)研究在2018年至2019年的9個(gè)月時(shí)間里跟蹤了350名3歲至4歲兒童的屏幕使用情況。

"We found dozens of apps in the output from children's mobile devices that were violent," said lead author Dr. Jenny Radesky, a developmental behavioral pediatrician and researcher at Michigan Medicine C.S. Mott Children's Hospital. "That was one of the most concerning findings of our study."

“我們?cè)趦和苿?dòng)設(shè)備輸出的應(yīng)用程序中發(fā)現(xiàn)了數(shù)十個(gè)暴力的應(yīng)用程序，”該研究的第一作者珍妮·雷德斯基博士說(shuō)。她是密歇根醫(yī)學(xué)中心莫特兒童醫(yī)院的發(fā)展行為兒科醫(yī)生和研究員。“這是我們研究中最令人擔(dān)憂的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一。”

Parents miscalculate screen time

父母錯(cuò)誤地計(jì)算了屏幕時(shí)間

The study was unique in that it used objective measurements to capture the children's screen time, rather than relying on parental memory.

這項(xiàng)研究的獨(dú)特之處在于，它使用了客觀的測(cè)量方法來(lái)記錄孩子們?cè)谄聊磺暗臅r(shí)間，而不是依賴于父母的記憶。

An app captured usage data on each child's Android device and uploaded it every 15 minutes while the device was connected to Wi-Fi. For iOS users, parents were asked to take a screenshot of the device's battery page at the end of the study.

一款應(yīng)用程序捕捉到每個(gè)孩子的安卓設(shè)備的使用數(shù)據(jù)，并在設(shè)備連接Wi-Fi時(shí)每15分鐘上傳一次。對(duì)于iOS用戶，父母被要求在研究結(jié)束時(shí)截取手機(jī)電池頁(yè)面的截圖。

When that data was compared to parent surveys about the amount of time their child has spent on screens, the results were much different. A third of parents (37%) underestimated their child's screen time, while another third (35%) overestimated the time, with most being off by an average of 70 minutes. The remaining third (28%) estimated correctly.

當(dāng)將這些數(shù)據(jù)與父母關(guān)于孩子花在屏幕上的時(shí)間的調(diào)查進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，結(jié)果非常不同。三分之一的家長(zhǎng)(37%)低估了孩子的屏幕時(shí)間，而另外三分之一的家長(zhǎng)(35%)高估了孩子的屏幕時(shí)間，大多數(shù)家長(zhǎng)平均少了70分鐘。剩下的三分之一(28%)估計(jì)正確。

The most commonly used apps among the 3- and 4-year-olds in the study were YouTube and YouTube Kids, followed by browsers, the camera and photograph gallery and video-streaming services such as Net?ix.

在這項(xiàng)研究中，三、四歲兒童最常使用的應(yīng)用程序是YouTube和YouTube Kids，其次是瀏覽器、相機(jī)、照片庫(kù)和Netflix等流媒體視頻服務(wù)。

A growing concern

越來(lái)越多的擔(dān)憂

The majority of parents allow their children to play games or watch videos on their smartphones, while up to 75% of young children have their own tablets. Parents even allow babies to handle mobile devices during their first year of life.

大多數(shù)家長(zhǎng)允許孩子在智能手機(jī)上玩游戲或看視頻，而高達(dá)75%的幼兒擁有自己的平板電腦。父母甚至允許嬰兒在一歲時(shí)使用移動(dòng)設(shè)備。

But studies show that too much time spent on screens can affect how a child's brain grows.

但研究表明，花在屏幕上的時(shí)間過(guò)多會(huì)影響孩子大腦的發(fā)育。

A study published last year took MRIs of preschoolers' brains and found those who used screens more than the recommended one hour a day without parental involvement had lower levels of development in the brain's white matter — an area key to the development of language, literacy and cognitive skills.

去年發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究對(duì)學(xué)齡前兒童的大腦進(jìn)行了核磁共振成像，發(fā)現(xiàn)那些每天使用屏幕超過(guò)建議的一小時(shí)且沒(méi)有父母參與的兒童，其大腦白質(zhì)的發(fā)育水平較低。白質(zhì)是發(fā)育語(yǔ)言、讀寫(xiě)和認(rèn)知技能的關(guān)鍵區(qū)域。

Science is continuing to learn more and more about the pros and cons of screen time, but in the meantime, experts suggested parents, no matter how stressed, may want to make checking on their child's screen time a habit.

科學(xué)在不斷地研究屏幕時(shí)間的利與弊，但與此同時(shí)，專家們建議，無(wú)論壓力有多大，家長(zhǎng)們都應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成檢查孩子屏幕時(shí)間的習(xí)慣。