分詞作狀語(yǔ)
分詞作狀語(yǔ)是高考考查的熱點(diǎn)和重要考點(diǎn)，其熱點(diǎn)考查內(nèi)容如下：
一. 確定分詞形式
分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在句首，并且用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。同時(shí)，分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)應(yīng)保持一致，也就是說(shuō)在確定選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞時(shí)，要判斷主句主語(yǔ)與分詞中心詞的關(guān)系。如果句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞-ing形式所表示的動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者(即表主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行)，分詞形式選用現(xiàn)在分詞;如果句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞-ed形式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)(即表被動(dòng)或完成)，分詞形式選用過(guò)去分詞。
例：1, _______, I stretched my hand out for it.
A. I saw the book I wanted on the shell B. The book I wanted was on the shell
C. Seeing the book lying across the desk D. Lying on the desk
分析：分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。根據(jù)這一原則，可知句子的主語(yǔ)I只能與see保持一致。 如果選A, 該句中沒有連詞，沒能構(gòu)成并列句和主從復(fù)合句，此時(shí)要選用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。所以選C
2, Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.
分析：“Seen from the hill” 是過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。根據(jù)這一原則，可知，“the park”是“Seen from the hill”的邏輯主語(yǔ)，它們之間表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以分詞形式用seen.
二.確立句子主語(yǔ)可能是誰(shuí)
確立句子主語(yǔ)可能是誰(shuí)時(shí)，仍然遵循分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)應(yīng)保持一致的原則。反過(guò)來(lái)要根據(jù)分詞形式確立句子主語(yǔ)。
例：Having been attacked by terrorists, _________.
A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken D. warning were given to tourists
分析: 本題仍考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。句中“Having been attacked by terrorists”是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。根據(jù)這一原則，可知“受攻擊”的應(yīng)是“the tall building”, 即“Having been attacked”的邏輯主語(yǔ)是“the tall building”.句意為“大樓因?yàn)槭艿娇植婪肿拥囊u擊而倒塌”. 答案: B
三.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)應(yīng)保持一致，但當(dāng)分詞邏輯主語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，分詞要有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這種主語(yǔ)常常是名詞或代詞，置于動(dòng)詞-ing形式或動(dòng)詞-ed形式之前。這種名詞/代詞+動(dòng)詞-ing/動(dòng)詞-ed結(jié)構(gòu)在語(yǔ)法上被稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。此時(shí)分詞形式的選擇取決于名詞/代詞與v-ing/v-ed形式所表示動(dòng)作的邏輯關(guān)系，如果它們之間表示主動(dòng)或分詞動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，選擇現(xiàn)在分詞，如果它們之間表示被動(dòng)或完成，選擇過(guò)去分詞。
1, 名詞/代詞+動(dòng)詞-ing
例：Spring coming on, the trees turned green.
2，名詞/代詞+動(dòng)詞-ed
例：The question settled, they felt released.
3，with/without+名詞/代詞+動(dòng)詞-ing/-ed
例：With the tree grown tall, we get more shade.
Our school looks beautiful with the flowers coming out.
The battle was over without a shot being fired.
四.分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。
例：______weight, the doctor has warned me to keep off sugar.
A. I’m putting on B. Having put on C. As I’m gaining D. To gain
分析：在并列句和主從復(fù)合句中, 逗號(hào)只起分隔作用, 前后兩部分的邏輯關(guān)系必須使用連接詞來(lái)表達(dá); 否則要使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞. 該題中B， C兩項(xiàng)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ), 但其邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)不一致, 所以只能使用連接詞來(lái)表達(dá)前后兩部分的邏輯關(guān)系. 答案: C
五.現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作獨(dú)立成分
英語(yǔ)中一些特殊的分詞可用作獨(dú)立成分，不需要邏輯主語(yǔ)。這種無(wú)依著動(dòng)詞形式結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)成為固定用法。
常見的不需要邏輯主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞-ing/-ed形式結(jié)構(gòu):
Considering (that)…考慮到
supposing (that)… 如果……
generally speaking 一般說(shuō)來(lái)
frankly speaking 坦白說(shuō)
Judging from… 從…判斷
talking of… 說(shuō)到……
Concerning… 關(guān)于
setting aside... 除開……
Coming to… 談到 ……
allowing for... 考慮到……
Proving/provided (that)…假定 supposing/suppose (that)…假如……
Seeing (that)… 既然 ……
given (that)… 假設(shè);如果;考慮到
put frankly 坦白地說(shuō)
taken as a whole 總的說(shuō)來(lái)
例：1. Put frankly, I don’t agree with what he said.
坦白地說(shuō)，我不同意他說(shuō)的話。
2. Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
考慮到他的一般身體狀況，他手術(shù)后恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)可能需要一段時(shí)間。
3. Supposing he is ill, who will do the work?
假如他病了，誰(shuí)來(lái)做這工作呢?
專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：
1._______with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare
B. When comparing
C. Comparing
D. When compared
2. When first ______to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing B. introduced
C. introduce D. being introduced
3. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, _____ out of the window.
A. looking B. to look
C. looked D. having looked
4. _____ the interview, the manage went to his office, _____ by the interviewer.
A. Having finished, followed
B. Finished, followed
C. Finishing, following
D. Being finished, being following
5. Finding her car stolen, _____.
A. a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. It was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
Key: 1-5 DBAAD
