中國(guó)要求所有移動(dòng)支付實(shí)行中央清算

China’s central bank has ordered online payment groups to operate through a centralised clearing house, a move likely to undercut the dominance of Ant Financial and Tencent by forcing them to share valuable transaction data with competitors. China is the world leader in mobile payments, with transaction volumes rising nearly fivefold last year to Rmb59tn ($8.8tn), according to iResearch. They are widely used for everything from high-street shopping to ride hailing.

中國(guó)央行下令在線支付集團(tuán)通過(guò)一個(gè)中央清算所操作，此舉很可能削弱螞蟻金服(Ant Financial)和騰訊(Tencent)的主導(dǎo)地位，因?yàn)樗鼈儗⒈黄扰c競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手分享有價(jià)值的交易數(shù)據(jù)。中國(guó)是移動(dòng)支付領(lǐng)域的世界領(lǐng)先者;艾瑞咨詢(iResearch)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，去年移動(dòng)支付交易總額增加近四倍，達(dá)到59萬(wàn)億元人民幣(合8.8萬(wàn)億美元)。從商業(yè)街購(gòu)物到叫車服務(wù)，移動(dòng)支付得到廣泛使用。

In addition to generating fees directly, online and mobile payments are a source of valuable data that can be used for targeted advertising, credit scoring, and other purposes.

除了直接為支付機(jī)構(gòu)帶來(lái)收入外，在線和移動(dòng)支付還是寶貴的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源，可用于定向廣告、信用評(píng)分和其他目的。

Now the People’s Bank of China is requiring all third-party payment companies to channel payments through a new clearing house by next June, according to a document sent to payment companies on August 4 and seen by the Financial Times. “The launch of this clearing house is a one-sided loss for the payment institutions. Originally, payment data were proprietary information for them. Now it’s connected to the clearing house, which will probably share it with other partners,” said Zhang Yi, a fintech analyst at iResearch.

根據(jù)8月4日下發(fā)給支付公司、英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》看到的一份文件，現(xiàn)在中國(guó)人民銀行(PBoC)要求所有第三方支付公司最遲在明年6月通過(guò)一家新的清算所處理支付。“這個(gè)清算所的推出是支付機(jī)構(gòu)的單方面損失。支付數(shù)據(jù)本來(lái)是他們的專有信息。在與清算所對(duì)接后，這些數(shù)據(jù)很可能要與其他合作伙伴分享，”艾瑞咨詢的金融科技分析師張毅表示。

Ant Financial, the financial services affiliate of Alibaba Group, is the market leader in mobile payments, with its Alipay unit processing 54 per cent share of all transactions in the first quarter of the year, according to iResearch.

據(jù)艾瑞咨詢介紹，阿里巴巴集團(tuán)的金融服務(wù)關(guān)聯(lián)公司螞蟻金服是移動(dòng)支付市場(chǎng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，其支付寶(Alipay)在今年第一季度處理了全國(guó)54%的移動(dòng)支付交易。

WeChat pay, linked to Tencent’s mobile messaging app, held a 40 per cent share. Mr Zhang believes the central bank wants to aid commercial banks in obtaining customer data and prevent Alipay and Tencent from gaining excessive market power.

騰訊的移動(dòng)消息應(yīng)用微信(WeChat)內(nèi)置的微信支付(WeChat Pay)占有40%的份額。張毅認(rèn)為，中國(guó)央行希望協(xié)助各商業(yè)銀行獲取客戶數(shù)據(jù)，防止支付寶和騰訊獲得過(guò)大市場(chǎng)能量。

Hundreds of millions of Chinese consumers and businesses have linked their Alipay or WeChat Pay accounts to their commercial bank accounts, enabling third-party payments to be credited and debited seamlessly.

數(shù)以億計(jì)的中國(guó)消費(fèi)者和企業(yè)將其支付寶或微信支付賬戶與商業(yè)銀行賬戶相關(guān)聯(lián)，使第三方支付能夠無(wú)縫入賬和扣款。

But, unlike swiping a bank card, when an Alipay or WeChat user makes a purchase, banks do not obtain crucial payment details such as the merchant’s name. Instead, the bank record shows Alipay or WeChat as the recipient.

但是，與刷銀行卡不同，當(dāng)支付寶或微信用戶進(jìn)行購(gòu)買時(shí)，銀行不會(huì)獲得關(guān)鍵的支付細(xì)節(jié)，例如商家名稱。相反，銀行記錄僅顯示支付寶或微信為收款人。

Payment groups maintain separate bilateral relationships with commercial banks to facilitate payments to or from user bank accounts.

支付集團(tuán)與商業(yè)銀行保持單獨(dú)的雙向關(guān)系，以便向用戶的銀行賬戶支付，或從其扣款。

But the latest PBoC instructions require all payment companies to connect to the clearinghouse by October 15 and to channel all payments through it by June 30, according to the document.

但根據(jù)上述文件，央行的最新指令要求所有支付公司在10月15日之前連接到清算所，并在明年6月30日之前通過(guò)該清算所處理所有支付。

The PBoC and Tencent did not respond to a request for comment yesterday.

中國(guó)人民銀行和騰訊昨日沒有回復(fù)記者的置評(píng)請(qǐng)求。