美國企業(yè)陸續(xù)叫停對仇恨組織的服務(wù)

US companies are blocking hate groups from key services such as payments, cyber security defences and social media sites after the violence in Charlottesville, despite questions over the consequences for freedom of speech.

美國企業(yè)在夏洛特維爾暴力事件后封鎖了仇恨組織的付款、網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全防御和社交媒體網(wǎng)站等關(guān)鍵服務(wù)，盡管這會引發(fā)言論自由方面的問題。

Leading payment and credit card groups MasterCard, American Express, Discover Financial Services and Visa have joined Silicon Valley companies Twitter and Cloudflare to become the latest corporations to try to block neo-Nazis’ access to funds and the internet.

萬事達(dá)(MasterCard)、美國運(yùn)通(American Express)、Discover Financial Services和Visa等主要支付和信用卡集團(tuán)也加入Twitter及Cloudflare等硅谷公司，成為最新一批努力阻止新納粹主義分子獲得資金和訪問互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的企業(yè)。

Several of the payments companies added they did not ban the use of their services because the customers expressed offensive views — but because they violated their terms of service or incited violence.

一些支付公司補(bǔ)充說它們不是因為用戶表達(dá)冒犯性觀點(diǎn)而禁止使用其服務(wù)，而是因為他們違反了它們的服務(wù)條款或煽動暴力。

Discover said “in light of recent events” it was “terminating merchant agreements with hate groups, given the violence incited by their extremist views”. MasterCard said it was “shutting down the use of our cards on sites that we believe incite violence, as well as those who are wrongfully suggesting they accept our cards, when in fact they don’t”.

Discover表示“鑒于最近的事件”，它將“終止與仇恨組織的商業(yè)協(xié)議，因為他們的極端言論煽動了這場暴力事件。”萬事達(dá)表示正在“停止萬事達(dá)卡在一些我們認(rèn)為煽動暴力的網(wǎng)站的使用，以及一些錯誤地表示它們接受萬事達(dá)卡，但實際上它們不接受的網(wǎng)站。”

American Express said it was reviewing websites brought to its attention by activists and would take “appropriate action”. Visa said “a number of” sites it reviewed had engaged in illegal activities or failed to meet issuers’ acceptable-use policies. PayPal has also stopped enabling money transfers to websites that violate its policies by promoting “hate, violence or racial intolerance”.

美國運(yùn)通表示正在維權(quán)人士的提醒下審查一些網(wǎng)站，并會采取“適當(dāng)行動”。Visa表示其審查的“一些”網(wǎng)站曾從事非法活動或不符合發(fā)行人可接受使用政策。PayPal也停止了一些網(wǎng)站的轉(zhuǎn)賬服務(wù)，這些網(wǎng)站宣傳“仇恨、暴力或種族主義”，違反了其政策。

The payments companies had come under pressure from activists such as Rashad Robinson, executive director of Color of Change, who said they were “making hundreds of thousands of dollars from processing fees for these racist groups and quite literally profiting off hate and murder”.

這些支付公司此前受到了維權(quán)人士的壓力，比如Color of Change的執(zhí)行董事拉沙德•羅賓遜(Rashad Robinson)，他表示這些公司“從種族主義團(tuán)體賺取了數(shù)十萬美元手續(xù)費(fèi)，真正地從仇恨和謀殺中獲利。”

In Silicon Valley, Twitter and Cloudflare have become the latest companies to join a tech industry effort to block neo-Nazi website the Daily Stormer from the internet. The site posted an offensive article about the woman who died in the white nationalist violence in Charlottesville, Virginia, last weekend.

在硅谷，Twitter和Cloudflare是最新加入科技行業(yè)封鎖新納粹網(wǎng)站Daily Stormer行動的公司。該網(wǎng)站就上周末在弗吉尼亞州夏洛茨維爾白人民族主義暴力事件中遇難的那名婦女發(fā)表了一篇冒犯性的文章。

The San Francisco-based messaging platform appeared to have suspended several accounts that are associated with the website, such as @dailystormer and @dailystormers, but did not respond to a request for comment.

Twitter似乎已暫停了與Daily Stormer有關(guān)的幾個帳戶，例如@dailystormer和@dailystormers，但該公司沒有回應(yīng)置評請求。

Cloudflare ended its business with the site, which it protected from distributed denial of service attacks designed to take it offline.

Cloudflare結(jié)束了與Daily Stormer的業(yè)務(wù)，Cloudflare保護(hù)該網(wǎng)站免受旨在令其掉線的分布式拒絕服務(wù)攻擊。

Matthew Prince, chief executive of Cloudflare, said he was also worried about the consequences of the “dangerous” decision he made to drop the site. He was concerned that it could lead to “vigilante justice”, where hackers can launch attacks because no one will protect certain sites, and questioned whether it made his company more vulnerable to a government pressuring them to take down a site.

Cloudflare首席執(zhí)行官馬修•普林斯(Matthew Prince)表示，他也擔(dān)心自己決定放棄該網(wǎng)站這一“危險”決定的后果。他擔(dān)心這可能導(dǎo)致“維吉蘭特正義”(vigilante justice，非執(zhí)法人員私自執(zhí)法-譯者注)，黑客可以對它們發(fā)動攻擊，因為沒人會保護(hù)這些網(wǎng)站，他還懷疑這是否會令他的公司更容易在政府的壓力下去拋棄一個網(wǎng)站。

In the end, Mr Prince decided to remove the site after a Daily Stormer commenter claimed Cloudflare was “one of us” and he did not want the company to appear to sympathise with readers of the neo-Nazi site. “We could not remain neutral after these claims of secret support by Cloudflare,” he said in a blog post.

最終讓普林斯決定刪除該網(wǎng)站的原因是Daily Stormer的一名評論者聲稱Cloudflare是“我們的一員”，他不希望Cloudflare對這個新納粹網(wǎng)站的讀者表示同情。普林斯在一篇博客中表示：“在他們聲稱受到Cloudflare秘密支持以后，我們無法再保持中立。”