恒大董事長(zhǎng)許家印成中國(guó)首富

Real estate magnate Wang Jianlin has tumbled from his position as China’s wealthiest man, according to the country’s best known rich list, underscoring how a crackdown on leverage-fuelled companies pursuing foreign acquisitions has dented entrepreneurs’ fortunes.

根據(jù)中國(guó)最知名的富豪排行榜，房地產(chǎn)大亨王健林已丟掉中國(guó)首富的地位，凸顯出政府對(duì)那些熱衷于依靠債務(wù)收購(gòu)境外資產(chǎn)的公司的打壓，是如何削弱企業(yè)家財(cái)富的。

Mr Wang built Dalian Wanda from a real estate developer into a global empire spanning cinema chains, Hollywood studios and Spanish football. But its shares tumbled this year when authorities instructed banks to check their lending to acquisitive groups, and it sold off a string of assets.

王健林把大連萬(wàn)達(dá)(Dalian Wanda)從一家地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)商打造成一個(gè)業(yè)務(wù)涵蓋電影院線(xiàn)、好萊塢電影制片公司和西班牙足球俱樂(lè)部的全球帝國(guó)。但今年，在當(dāng)局指導(dǎo)銀行核查它們對(duì)那些熱衷于收購(gòu)的集團(tuán)的貸款后，萬(wàn)達(dá)股價(jià)大跌，該公司已出售了一系列資產(chǎn)。

He has fallen to fifth place in this year’s Hurun rich list with a net worth of $23bn, down more than a quarter from last year. Xu Jiayin, head of property group Evergrande, now tops the rankings with a fortune of $43bn. Mr Xu, also known as Hui Ka-yan, has focused on the domestic market and funded domestic football.

在今年的《胡潤(rùn)百富榜》(Hurun rich list)上，王健林滑落到了第5位，其資產(chǎn)凈值為230億美元，較去年減少了逾四分之一。如今，地產(chǎn)集團(tuán)恒大(Evergrande)董事長(zhǎng)許家印(Hui Ka-yan)位列榜首，他的財(cái)富為430億美元。許家印聚焦于國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)，并資助國(guó)內(nèi)足球事業(yè)的發(fā)展。

The shift in the rankings underlines how authorities are favouring entrepreneurs who support China’s domestic growth above those who pursue cross-border trophy acquisitions that deplete China’s foreign exchange reserves.

排名變化凸顯出，當(dāng)局青睞支持中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)增長(zhǎng)的企業(yè)家，而不是進(jìn)行炫耀性跨境收購(gòu)的人，后者所做的交易消耗了中國(guó)的外匯儲(chǔ)備。

Benefiting from the trend were domestically focused property tycoons Yang Huiyan, the majority owner of Country Garden who moved from 22nd to fourth position, and Sun Hongbin, whose wealth rose more than sixfold to $10.7bn. Mr Sun’s company Sunac bought up much of Wanda’s hotel and theme park business for $9.3bn in July.

得益于這一趨勢(shì)的還有專(zhuān)注于國(guó)內(nèi)業(yè)務(wù)的地產(chǎn)大亨楊惠妍和孫宏斌。楊惠妍是碧桂園(Country Garden)的大股東，在富豪榜上從第22位上升到第4位;孫宏斌的財(cái)富增加了逾5倍，至107億美元。今年7月，孫宏斌旗下的融創(chuàng)(Sunac)以93億美元收購(gòu)了萬(wàn)達(dá)的大部分酒店和主題樂(lè)園業(yè)務(wù)。

With state-run companies dominating China’s economy in sectors such as energy and communications, most of the list of private sector entrepreneurs is drawn from the familiar fields of real estate and manufacturing. But technology also figures prominently — Tencent founder Pony Ma and Alibaba founder Jack Ma took second and third positions respectively.

考慮到國(guó)有企業(yè)在能源和通信等行業(yè)主宰著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)，富豪榜上的民營(yíng)企業(yè)家大多來(lái)自房地產(chǎn)業(yè)和制造業(yè)。但科技行業(yè)也表現(xiàn)突出——騰訊(Tencent)創(chuàng)始人馬化騰(Pony Ma)和阿里巴巴(Alibaba)創(chuàng)始人馬云(Jack Ma)分別占據(jù)富豪榜第二名和第三名。

Alibaba and its affiliate Ant Financial have 43 shareholders on this year’s list. “China’s entrepreneurs have come a long way. Back in 1999, when I put out the first list, I managed to rank 50 people. Today we have almost that number just from Alibaba,” said Rupert Hoogewerf, Hurun founder.

阿里巴巴及其關(guān)聯(lián)公司螞蟻金服(Ant Financial)有43名股東進(jìn)入了今年的富豪榜。“中國(guó)的企業(yè)家們走過(guò)了很長(zhǎng)的歷程?；仡?999年，當(dāng)我推出第一份榜單時(shí)，我只能把50人列入榜單。如今，僅僅阿里系的上榜人數(shù)就已接近這個(gè)數(shù)字，”《胡潤(rùn)百富榜》創(chuàng)始人胡潤(rùn)(Rupert Hoogewerf)說(shuō)。

Women comprise 24 per cent of the rich list, topped by Ms Yang, who inherited her stake in Country Garden from her father. The average age of list members was 53.

今年富豪榜上的女性比例為24%，掌握財(cái)富最多的是從父親手中繼承了碧桂園股權(quán)的楊惠妍。上榜者平均年齡為53歲。

The list also showed a rapid increase in elite wealth, with an average annual growth rate of 60 per cent among the top 100. China’s wealth inequality outranks most advanced economies, according to Credit Suisse.

這份榜單也表明，精英人物的財(cái)富在飛速增長(zhǎng)，前100名富豪的財(cái)富的平均年增速為60%。瑞信(Credit Suisse)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國(guó)的財(cái)富不平等程度超過(guò)了大多數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體。

Hurun found 2,130 Chinese individuals with wealth of at least $300m, but acknowledged there were many more multimillionaires in the country whose wealth was hidden.

胡潤(rùn)富豪榜發(fā)現(xiàn)，財(cái)富至少達(dá)3億美元的中國(guó)人有2130人，但承認(rèn)，中國(guó)存在更多財(cái)富被隱藏的千萬(wàn)富翁。

“For every one we have found, we estimate there to be two that we have missed,” said Mr Hoogewerf.

“我們估計(jì)，我們每發(fā)現(xiàn)一名富豪，都會(huì)漏掉兩名，”胡潤(rùn)說(shuō)。