美國(guó)要求世行反思對(duì)華放貸

The Trump administration is holding out against a capital increase for the World Bank until it overhauls its lending to China and other middle income countries, creating a new source of tension between Washington and Beijing.

特朗普政府拒絕為世界銀行(World Bank)增資，以迫使該機(jī)構(gòu)整改其向中國(guó)和其他中等收入國(guó)家放貸的政策，此舉在華盛頓方面和北京方面之間形成一個(gè)新的緊張來源。

Jim Yong Kim, the World Bank’s president, has been pushing for extra financial resources and had hoped that shareholders would agree on at least a timetable for the increase at this week’s annual meetings in Washington.

世行行長(zhǎng)金墉(Jim Yong Kim)正在努力尋找額外的財(cái)務(wù)資源，此前希望股東們?cè)诒局苡谌A盛頓召開的年度會(huì)議上至少就增資時(shí)間表達(dá)成一致。

But the Trump administration has been resisting those plans and this week aired its demands, saying it wanted the World Bank to examine its own balance sheet first and in particular its lending to China, which is presently the bank’s biggest borrower.

但特朗普政府抵制這些計(jì)劃，并在本周表明自己的要求，稱美國(guó)希望世行先檢查其資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表、特別是向中國(guó)發(fā)放的貸款。目前中國(guó)是世行最大的借款國(guó)。

The dispute is another sign of President Donald Trump’s antipathy for the international system and what his critics regard as a US withdrawal from global leadership. The US on Thursday said it was pulling out of Unesco, the UN cultural body. It has also taken a more combative attitude towards the UN more broadly and other international bodies such as Nato and the World Trade Organisation.

這一爭(zhēng)執(zhí)是美國(guó)總統(tǒng)唐納德•特朗普(Donald Trump)反感國(guó)際體系的又一跡象，他的批評(píng)者把此舉視為美國(guó)退出全球領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位的又一表現(xiàn)。周四，美國(guó)表示將退出聯(lián)合國(guó)的文化機(jī)構(gòu)——聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織(UNESCO)。它還對(duì)整個(gè)聯(lián)合國(guó)，以及北約(Nato)和世貿(mào)組織(WTO)等國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)采取了更好斗的態(tài)度。

The US has been tussling with China for the last few years over control of international institutions such as the World Bank with Beijing opting to set up alternative bodies, including the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.

過去幾年，美國(guó)還就世行等國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)的控制權(quán)與中國(guó)展開角力，結(jié)果北京方面選擇成立替代機(jī)構(gòu)，包括亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行(Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank，簡(jiǎn)稱亞投行)。

Mr Kim on Thursday defended the bank’s lending to China, saying that its engagement there informed the bank’s work across the world.

周四，金墉為世行向中國(guó)發(fā)放的貸款進(jìn)行了辯護(hù)，稱世行在中國(guó)展開的工作為該行在世界各地的工作提供了啟迪。

“For me the rationale for us working in China is quite clear: Not only are we helping them along the development path but the lessons we learn in China . . . are very helpful to our work in other developing countries,” he told reporters.

“對(duì)我來說，我們?cè)谥袊?guó)工作的理由相當(dāng)明確：我們不僅幫助他們?cè)诎l(fā)展道路上前進(jìn)，而且我們從中國(guó)汲取的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)……對(duì)我們?cè)谄渌l(fā)展中國(guó)家開展工作非常有用，”他向記者表示。

The World Bank, he said, needed a capital increase to respond to growing demand for its loans, acknowledging a decision was now in the hands of its shareholders. “The good news is the US is now very much part of the discussion,” he said.

他表示，世行需要增資，以應(yīng)對(duì)日益增長(zhǎng)的貸款需求，它承認(rèn)該決定如今掌握在股東手里。“好消息是美國(guó)現(xiàn)在也參與了討論，”他表示。

A senior US Treasury officials told Reuters this week that the World Bank needed to do “substantial work” on its balance sheet before Washington would entertain the idea of a capital increase for its main lending arm, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

美國(guó)財(cái)政部一名高級(jí)官員本周向路透社(Reuters)表示，在美國(guó)考慮為世行主要貸款機(jī)構(gòu)國(guó)際復(fù)興開發(fā)銀行(IBRD)增資的設(shè)想之前，世行需要對(duì)其資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表做“大量工作”。

“The bottom line here is right now we’ve got too high a percentage of the World Bank’s balance sheet that’s going to countries and to projects that already have ample borrowing capacity,” the official said.

“歸根結(jié)底，問題在于目前世行有太高百分比的資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表流向了那些已經(jīng)擁有足夠借款能力的國(guó)家和項(xiàng)目，”該官員表示。

Mr Kim has been eager to build a relationship with the Trump administration and has been working closely with Ivanka Trump, the president’s daughter and adviser, on establishing a fund for women’s empowerment. That fund is due to be launched on Saturday and has raised some $350m in donations that will allow the World Bank to deploy up to $2bn in capital, Mr Kim said.

金墉急于同特朗普政府打造關(guān)系，他一直在與特朗普的女兒和顧問伊萬卡•特朗普(Ivanka Trump)密切合作，以建立一只女性賦權(quán)基金。金墉表示，該基金將于本周六成立，目前已經(jīng)籌到了3.5億美元左右的捐款，這將允許世行能夠部署多達(dá)20億美元的資金。

But the US objections to World Bank lending policies suggest Mr Kim’s vision for the bank, which has been premised heavily on engaging China, faces more serious headwinds.

但是美國(guó)反對(duì)世行貸款政策的舉動(dòng)，表明金墉對(duì)世行的愿景——在很大程度上基于和中國(guó)接觸——面臨著比較嚴(yán)重的阻力。

Scott Morris, a former US Treasury official now at the Center for Global Development, a think-tank, said the US position amounted to a challenge to the World Bank’s existing strategy, which has been to use lending to China to engage with Beijing and try to offset the impact of new institutions like the AIIB.

美國(guó)財(cái)政部前官員、如今就職于智庫(kù)全球發(fā)展中心(Center for Global Development)的斯科特•莫里斯(Scott Morris)表示，美國(guó)的立場(chǎng)意味著挑戰(zhàn)世行的現(xiàn)有戰(zhàn)略，即利用向中國(guó)發(fā)放貸款與北京方面接觸，試圖抵消亞投行等新機(jī)構(gòu)的影響。

It also amounted to the Trump administration “picking a direct fight with China” over the mission of a major international institution.

這還意味著，特朗普政府在一個(gè)大型國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)的任務(wù)上“選擇直接對(duì)抗中國(guó)”。

“It’s really setting up some pretty deep divisions going forward,” he said.

他表示，“這確實(shí)對(duì)未來造成了一些相當(dāng)深層次的分歧。”