美國(guó)官員警告稱2018年美將加速出臺(tái)貿(mào)易舉措

Key members of the US government warned that America was preparing to intensify its measures to prevent what it sees as unfair trading practices around the world, but denied that this represented a slide towards a new form of “protectionism” which might damage the wider economy.

美國(guó)政府的重要成員警告稱，為了防止其眼中世界各地不公平的貿(mào)易行為，美國(guó)政府準(zhǔn)備加強(qiáng)應(yīng)對(duì)措施，但他們否認(rèn)這代表美國(guó)正滑向新形式的、可能會(huì)損害整體經(jīng)濟(jì)的“保護(hù)主義”。

Speaking in Davos, Steven Mnuchin, Treasury secretary, told the Financial Times that he “absolutely” expected to see an acceleration of trade measures during 2018, and said the administration was tightly co-ordinated in pursuing tougher trade policies.

在達(dá)沃斯(Davos)發(fā)表講話的美國(guó)財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)史蒂文•姆努欽(Steven Mnuchin)告訴英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》，他“絕對(duì)”認(rèn)為2018年美國(guó)會(huì)加速出臺(tái)貿(mào)易舉措。他還表示，在推行更嚴(yán)厲貿(mào)易政策方面，美國(guó)政府協(xié)調(diào)一心。

“The president has been very clear that where there are big trade imbalances, we want that addressed and fixed,” he said. “In this administration, we have excellent co-ordination on this issue . . . This is a policy issue the president is very focused on.”

“總統(tǒng)非常明確地表態(tài)，如果出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重貿(mào)易失衡，我們希望能處理和解決。”他說(shuō)，“在本屆政府中，我們?cè)谶@個(gè)問(wèn)題上是高度協(xié)調(diào)的……這是總統(tǒng)非常關(guān)注的一個(gè)政策問(wèn)題。”

At the same time, Wilbur Ross, the US commerce secretary, warned that some big trade initiatives launched in 2017 “will come to fruition” in 2018.

與此同時(shí)，美國(guó)商務(wù)部長(zhǎng)威爾伯•羅斯(Wilbur Ross)警告稱，2017年推出的一些重大貿(mào)易舉措將在2018年“結(jié)出碩果”。

The Trump administration faces deadlines for presidential action in the weeks ahead on national security investigations into imports of aluminium and steel and a wide-ranging probe of China’s intellectual property regime that many in Washington expect to lead to further tariffs and a crackdown on Chinese investment. This week it imposed its first major tariffs on imports of solar cells and washing machines.

在接下來(lái)幾周，美國(guó)總統(tǒng)需要在若干截止日期前，就有關(guān)鋁材和鋼材進(jìn)口的國(guó)家安全調(diào)查、以及對(duì)中國(guó)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的廣泛調(diào)查采取行動(dòng)。華盛頓的許多人士預(yù)計(jì)，其結(jié)果將是美國(guó)出臺(tái)更多關(guān)稅并打壓中國(guó)投資。本周，美國(guó)政府開(kāi)征了其首批重要關(guān)稅，對(duì)象是進(jìn)口太陽(yáng)能電池和進(jìn)口洗衣機(jī)。

However, both cabinet members vehemently denied that the US government’s policies had become isolationist, arguing that the administration aimed to reform a global trading system which it viewed as becoming increasingly dysfunctional.

然而，這兩位內(nèi)閣成員都斷然否認(rèn)美國(guó)政府的政策正朝著孤立主義傾斜，他們稱美國(guó)政府的目的是改革在其看來(lái)日益失靈的全球貿(mào)易體系。

“We don’t even like to use the word ‘protectionism’ . . . We don’t use that word,” said Mr Mnuchin. “This is not about protectionism. This is about free and fair reciprocal trade. Anybody who wants to do trade with us on reciprocal terms is welcome to do so.”

“我們根本不喜歡用“保護(hù)主義”這個(gè)詞……我們不用這個(gè)詞。”姆努欽說(shuō)，“這與保護(hù)主義無(wú)關(guān)，而是關(guān)乎自由和公平的互惠貿(mào)易。我們歡迎任何想與我們進(jìn)行互惠貿(mào)易的人。”

Mr Ross insisted that the campaign for reform was already bearing fruit, even inside the World Trade Organization.

羅斯堅(jiān)稱，改革貿(mào)易體系的行動(dòng)已經(jīng)取得成效，甚至在世界貿(mào)易組織(WTO)內(nèi)部也是如此。

“It’s an old system, decades old. The world has changed, the economies have changed. The pecking order of countries has changed. Everything has changed. The WTO has not really modified its role. It needs to be updated, at best.”

“這是一個(gè)老體系，有幾十年歷史了。世界變了，經(jīng)濟(jì)變了，各國(guó)的座次變了，一切都變了。WTO真的沒(méi)有調(diào)整好其角色。即使往好了說(shuō)，它也需要更新。”

He argued that there was rising agreement around the world on the need for reform. “You can’t solve a problem if you don’t acknowledge it exists. The world understands there are problems,” said Mr Ross.

他辯稱，世界正逐漸達(dá)成有必要進(jìn)行改革的共識(shí)。羅斯表示：“如果你不承認(rèn)存在問(wèn)題，你就無(wú)法解決問(wèn)題。現(xiàn)在世界明白存在問(wèn)題。”

The commerce secretary added that he thought much of the rest of the world was hypocritical in calls for free trade and a multilateral system. “It’s the protectionist people — the ones who are — who do the free trade rhetoric. The ones whose behaviour is totally at odds with what they say.”

羅斯補(bǔ)充稱，他認(rèn)為世界其他地方的許多人在呼吁自由貿(mào)易和多邊體系方面言不由衷。“那些口頭上喊自由貿(mào)易的其實(shí)是保護(hù)主義者。這些人完全言行不一。”

The comments by Messrs Ross and Mnuchin come as executives at global companies have expressed growing alarm in Davos about the administration’s stance on trade. “We are all worried about a trade war,” one American chief executive said. “There has been some crazy language around.

在羅斯和姆努欽發(fā)表上述言論之際，全球企業(yè)的高管們?cè)谶_(dá)沃斯紛紛表示日益警惕美國(guó)政府的貿(mào)易立場(chǎng)。一位美國(guó)的首席執(zhí)行官表示：“我們?nèi)紦?dān)心爆發(fā)貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)。最近一直有一些瘋狂的言論。”

There is particular concern about the risk of a damaging trade war with China, since it could have wide economic consequences and complicate separate measures that the American government is taking to forge a common front with China to tackle North Korea.

尤其令人擔(dān)憂的是美中爆發(fā)破壞性貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)樗赡墚a(chǎn)生廣泛的經(jīng)濟(jì)影響，并讓美國(guó)政府采取的與中國(guó)結(jié)成統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線應(yīng)對(duì)朝鮮的種種措施復(fù)雜化。

However, Mr Ross said that businesses were simply expressing these concerns because they were “worried about change”.

然而，羅斯表示，商界表示出這些關(guān)切完全是因?yàn)樗麄?ldquo;擔(dān)心改變”。

Mr Mnuchin welcomed the moves that China was taking to step up pressure on North Korea and stressed that the sanctions which the US Treasury placed this week against Chinese banks who deal with North Korea was “directed against North Korea, not China”.

姆努欽對(duì)中國(guó)采取措施向朝鮮施加更大壓力表示歡迎，他強(qiáng)調(diào)，美國(guó)財(cái)政部本周對(duì)與朝鮮開(kāi)展業(yè)務(wù)的中資銀行出臺(tái)制裁措施，是“針對(duì)朝鮮，而非中國(guó)”。

“China is doing a considerable amount, we would obviously like them to do more,” Mr Mnuchin said. “And I would say that Russia has not done nearly enough and we would like them to continue to do more as well.”

姆努欽說(shuō)：“中國(guó)在做大量的工作，我們當(dāng)然希望他們做更多。而且我想說(shuō)，俄羅斯做得還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠，我們希望他們也繼續(xù)做更多的工作。”