歐洲銀行界：大型科技集團(tuán)應(yīng)受到金融監(jiān)管

Big Tech’s move into banking is threatening financial stability and the biggest US and Chinese technology groups should be subject to some of the same regulation as big banks, according to top European finance chiefs.

據(jù)歐洲金融業(yè)高管們表示，大型科技公司進(jìn)軍銀行業(yè)正在威脅到金融穩(wěn)定，而美國(guó)和中國(guó)最大的科技集團(tuán)應(yīng)該受到和大銀行一樣的某些監(jiān)管。

Europe’s introduction this year of “open banking” regulation, which forces lenders to provide access to accounts of customers who authorise it, has left senior bankers worrying that tech groups will cherry-pick the best parts of their business.

歐洲今年推出的“開放銀行業(yè)”法規(guī)迫使銀行提供授權(quán)客戶的賬戶訪問，這讓高級(jí)銀行家們擔(dān)心科技集團(tuán)將會(huì)挑挑揀揀，拿走他們最好的業(yè)務(wù)。

Francisco González, executive chairman of Spanish bank BBVA, has warned that groups such as Facebook and Amazon in the US and Alibaba and Tencent in China will “replace many banks”. He called on a global body such as the G20 to take action, saying “authorities [need] to bring order to this massive change” that could “pose risks to financial stability”.

西班牙對(duì)外銀行(BBVA)執(zhí)行董事長(zhǎng)弗朗西斯科•岡薩雷斯(Francisco González)警告稱，美國(guó)的Facebook和亞馬遜(Amazon)以及中國(guó)的阿里巴巴(Alibaba)和騰訊(Tencent)等集團(tuán)將會(huì)“取代多家銀行”。他呼吁20國(guó)集團(tuán)(G20)等全球機(jī)構(gòu)采取行動(dòng)，他說：“當(dāng)局(需要)為這一可能給金融穩(wěn)定帶來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的巨大變化帶來秩序。”

Banks will be at a disadvantage as they face intensifying competition from Big Tech groups because of uneven regulation between the two sectors, Mr González said, adding: “If I need capital to lend then let’s have the same rules for everyone — for the internet giants too.”

銀行將會(huì)處于劣勢(shì)——由于兩個(gè)行業(yè)受到不均衡的監(jiān)管，它們面臨著大型科技集團(tuán)日益加強(qiáng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。岡薩雷斯表示：“如果我需要資本才能放貸，那就讓大家都面對(duì)同樣的規(guī)則——包括那些互聯(lián)網(wǎng)巨頭。”

Having dabbled in financial services for years, tech groups are deepening their activity.

涉足金融業(yè)務(wù)多年的科技集團(tuán)如今正在深耕這一市場(chǎng)。

Amazon is providing payment services and loans to merchants on its platform, while Facebook recently secured an electronic money licence in Ireland. Alibaba and Tencent have become dominant operators in China’s $5.5tn payments industry.

亞馬遜在其平臺(tái)上向商家提供支付服務(wù)和貸款，而Facebook最近在愛爾蘭獲得了電子貨幣許可證。阿里巴巴和騰訊已經(jīng)成為在中國(guó)5.5萬億美元支付行業(yè)中占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位的運(yùn)營(yíng)商。

Ralph Hamers, chief executive of Dutch bank ING, said new European “open banking” regulation had opened the door to the tech groups entering the market. “That is a threat to banks — because they have much more money to burn,” he told the Financial Times.

荷蘭國(guó)際集團(tuán)(ING)首席執(zhí)行官拉爾夫•哈默斯(Ralph Hamers)表示，歐洲新出臺(tái)的“開放銀行業(yè)”法規(guī)為科技集團(tuán)進(jìn)入這一市場(chǎng)打開了大門。他對(duì)英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》表示：“這是對(duì)銀行的威脅——因?yàn)榭萍技瘓F(tuán)有實(shí)力‘燒’更多的錢。”

“If they get this data they will go full circle as they don’t currently have transactional data on what people buy,” he added. “As a society we should think about that concentration of power.”

他補(bǔ)充說：“如果它們得到這些數(shù)據(jù)，它們就掌握了整個(gè)過程，因?yàn)樗鼈兡壳斑€沒有關(guān)于人們購(gòu)買什么的交易數(shù)據(jù)。作為一個(gè)社會(huì)，我們應(yīng)該考慮權(quán)力集中的問題。”

Big Tech has been criticised recently on a number of issues, ranging from enabling Russian election meddling, tax-avoidance, anti-competitive behaviour and publishing extremist content.

大型科技公司近期在一系列問題上受到批評(píng)，包括為俄羅斯插手大選創(chuàng)造條件、避稅、反競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為和發(fā)表極端主義內(nèi)容。