中國加強商業(yè)銀行股權管理

China is pushing companies to unwind large stakes in commercial banks that were built using borrowed funds, as it tightens its clampdown on leveraged dealmaking.

中國正在施壓企業(yè)脫手它們利用借入資金積累起來的商業(yè)銀行大筆股份。目前官方正在加緊整治杠桿式交易。

The China Banking Regulatory Commission said it would over the next year make corporations withdraw from stakes of more than 5 per cent if financial products had been used to fund the acquisitions.

中國銀行業(yè)監(jiān)督管理委員會(CBRC)表示，未來一年，將讓使用金融產品持有商業(yè)銀行股份超過5%的股東退出持股。

The action is the latest by Chinese authorities to rein in aggressive acquisitions, particularly those involving risky funding sources, with the head of the CBRC specifically attacking “barbarian” insurers that used borrowed funds for M&A activity.

此舉是中國政府為遏制激進收購(尤其是那些涉及高風險資金來源的收購)而采取的最新行動。銀監(jiān)會負責人曾特別抨擊利用借入資金進行并購活動的“野蠻人”保險公司。

“The main concern is the use of financial products to buy bank stakes,” said Chen Shujin, an analyst at Huatai Securities. Citing as an example Anbang Insurance — which was taken over last month by the government and whose chairman Wu Xiaohui has been in detention since last summer — she added that such products “are quite unstable because investors can redeem them at any time”.

“主要擔心的是使用金融產品持有銀行股權，”華泰證券(Huatai Securities)分析師陳姝瑾表示。她以安邦保險(Anbang Insurance)為例——這家保險公司上月被政府接管，其董事長吳小暉自去年夏季以來一直被拘留——補充稱，這類產品“相當不穩(wěn)定，因為投資者可以隨時贖回”。

Anbang is among groups to have sold high-yield investment products to fund corporate buying, including large stakes in commercial banks. Over the past five years it became a big shareholder in two large Chinese banks, owning through three subsidiaries more than 15 per cent of China Minsheng Bank and 10.7 per cent of China Merchants Bank, according to corporate records.

安邦是出售高收益投資產品以支持企業(yè)收購(包括商業(yè)銀行的大筆股權)的集團之一。公司記錄顯示，過去五年里，安邦買入兩家大型中資銀行的可觀股份，通過三家子公司擁有中國民生銀行(China Minsheng Bank) 15%以上股份，以及招商銀行(China Merchants Bank) 10.7%股份。

It is unclear how much of Anbang’s investments were made using borrowed funds. The company’s insurance policies resembled high-yielding wealth management products carrying guaranteed annual returns that were often higher than 5 per cent, an attractive return for retail investors.

目前還不清楚安邦的投資有多少是利用借入資金進行的。該公司的保單類似于高收益理財產品，其保證的年回報率往往高于5%，這對散戶投資者具有吸引力。

Anbang went from ranking 40th in sales of the products in 2012 to China’s number one in 2016, according to the China Insurance Regulatory Commission. It was temporarily banned from sales last year.

根據(jù)中國保險監(jiān)督管理委員會(CIRC)的數(shù)據(jù)，在國內的產品銷售排行榜上，安邦從2012年排名第40躍升至2016年的第一。去年該公司被暫時禁止銷售。

The new CBRC rules would probably lead to some shareholders selling down stakes in commercial banks in China, Ms Chen said, although it was unclear how many banks would be affected.

陳姝瑾表示，新的銀監(jiān)會規(guī)則可能導致一些股東出售其在中國各商業(yè)銀行所持股份，盡管尚不清楚會有多少家銀行受到影響。

Many of China’s largest conglomerates have raised funds through similar insurance products and also own stakes in commercial banks.

中國許多最大企業(yè)集團通過類似的保險產品籌集資金，并且也擁有商業(yè)銀行的股份。

Chinese property developer Evergrande raised its stake in Shengjing Bank above 25 per cent in 2016. Evergrande’s insurance business was suspended from stock trading last year.

中國房地產開發(fā)商恒大地產(Evergrande)于2016年將其在盛京銀行(Shengjing Bank)所持股份提高至25%以上。恒大旗下保險公司被暫時禁止開展委托股票投資業(yè)務。

HNA, a company that has gone on a $40bn buying spree over the past three years, has also raised funds through an insurance unit and holds a majority stake in a commercial bank in northeastern China. Evergrande was also involved in the high-profile corporate battle for developer China Vanke.

在過去三年里掀起400億美元收購熱潮的海航(HNA)，也通過一個保險部門籌集資金，并持有中國東北地區(qū)一家商業(yè)銀行的多數(shù)股權。恒大還曾參與轟動一時的萬科(China Vanke，房地產開發(fā)商)股權爭奪戰(zhàn)。

HNA and Evergrande could not immediately be reached for comment.

記者一時聯(lián)系不到海航和恒大請其置評。