白宮考慮進(jìn)一步限制中國(guó)電信設(shè)備在美銷(xiāo)售

WASHINGTON — The Trump administration is considering executive action to further restrict the sale of Chinese telecommunications equipment in the United States, people briefed on the discussions said, in a move that could ratchet up tensions between China and the United States as the countries vie for technological dominance.

華盛頓——特朗普政府正在考慮采取行政手段進(jìn)一步限制中國(guó)電信設(shè)備在美國(guó)的銷(xiāo)售，知情人士表示，此舉可能會(huì)加劇中美之間的緊張局勢(shì)，目前兩國(guó)正在為爭(zhēng)奪技術(shù)統(tǒng)治地位展開(kāi)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

The executive order, which could be released within days, is expected to raise the barrier for government agencies to buy products from foreign telecom equipment providers like Huawei and ZTE, two of China’s most prominent technology firms. Private government contractors may also be restricted from buying foreign telecom products, which the United States believes may be vulnerable to Chinese espionage or disruption.

該行政命令可能在幾天內(nèi)發(fā)布，預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)增加政府機(jī)構(gòu)從外國(guó)電信設(shè)備供應(yīng)商購(gòu)買(mǎi)產(chǎn)品的障礙，比如中國(guó)最著名的兩家科技公司華為和中興。私人政府承包商也可能被禁止購(gòu)買(mǎi)外國(guó)電信產(chǎn)品，美國(guó)認(rèn)為這些產(chǎn)品可能容易受到中國(guó)諜報(bào)或顛覆活動(dòng)的影響。

The order would follow a series of intensifying actions by the Trump administration to block Chinese technology that is seen as a national security threat. In March, the Federal Communications Commission took action to block broadband companies that receive federal subsidies from buying equipment from suppliers that are deemed a risk to national security. In April, the Commerce Department barred ZTE from purchases of American technology for seven years, saying that the company failed to punish employees who violated United States sanctions.

此前特朗普政府就已采取一系列強(qiáng)化行動(dòng)，阻止被視為國(guó)家安全威脅的中國(guó)技術(shù)。今年3月，聯(lián)邦通信委員會(huì)采取行動(dòng)，阻止接受聯(lián)邦補(bǔ)貼的寬帶公司從被認(rèn)定構(gòu)成國(guó)家安全威脅的供應(yīng)商那里購(gòu)買(mǎi)設(shè)備。4月份，美國(guó)商務(wù)部稱(chēng)中興通訊公司未能懲罰違反美國(guó)制裁規(guī)定的員工，禁止該公司在未來(lái)七年內(nèi)購(gòu)買(mǎi)美國(guó)技術(shù)。

The Trump administration increasingly views national security and emerging technology as intertwined and has used its authority to protect national security as a way to block China from gaining an economic edge, particularly as it relates to that nation’s ambitious industrial policy, known as Made in China 2025. Both nations are racing to claim dominance in cutting-edge technology like autonomous vehicles and the next generation of wireless services, known as 5G.

特朗普政府日益認(rèn)為國(guó)家安全和新興技術(shù)緊密相連，并把它在保護(hù)國(guó)家安全方面的權(quán)力作為阻止中國(guó)獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)的一種方式，尤其是在涉及中國(guó)野心勃勃的工業(yè)計(jì)劃《中國(guó)制造2025》時(shí)。兩國(guó)正在自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)和被稱(chēng)作5G的下一代無(wú)線服務(wù)等尖端技術(shù)領(lǐng)域競(jìng)相確立主導(dǎo)地位。

On Wednesday, a spokesman for the Department of Defense said the Pentagon was stopping the sale of phones made by Huawei and ZTE in stores on American military bases around the world because of security concerns.

周三，美國(guó)國(guó)防部發(fā)言人表示，出于安全考慮，五角大樓將停止在位于世界各地的美國(guó)軍事基地的商店里銷(xiāo)售華為和中興制造的手機(jī)。

While the Pentagon cannot stop service members from buying the phones elsewhere, the spokesman, Maj. Dave Eastburn, said in an email that the Defense Department was directing American military personnel to be “mindful of the security risks posed by the use of Huawei devices, regardless of where they are purchased.”

盡管五角大樓無(wú)法阻止服役人員從其他地方購(gòu)買(mǎi)華為和中興手機(jī)，但發(fā)言人戴夫·伊斯特本(Dave Eastburn)少校在電子郵件中說(shuō)，國(guó)防部正在指示美國(guó)軍事人員“注意使用華為設(shè)備所構(gòu)成的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，無(wú)論它們是從哪里購(gòu)買(mǎi)的。”

“Huawei and ZTE devices may pose an unacceptable risk to the department’s personnel, information and mission,“ Major Eastburn said. He cited Senate testimony in February by the director of national intelligence and the heads of the F.B.I., the C.I.A. and other agencies that Americans should not use Huawei products because of potential security risks.

“華為和中興的設(shè)備可能會(huì)對(duì)國(guó)防部的人員、信息和任務(wù)構(gòu)成無(wú)法接受的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，”伊斯特本少校說(shuō)。他援引美國(guó)國(guó)家情報(bào)總監(jiān)和聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局(FBI)局長(zhǎng)、中情局(CIA)局長(zhǎng)及其他情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)負(fù)責(zé)人2月在參議院的證詞，他們稱(chēng)因潛在的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，美國(guó)人不應(yīng)使用華為產(chǎn)品。

Huawei declined to comment.

華為拒絕置評(píng)。

The crackdown on the telecom companies comes as the United States and China trade accusations of unfair policies and threats of tariffs. A delegation of top Trump administration officials, including Steven Mnuchin, the Treasury secretary, arrived in China this week for talks aimed at defusing the tensions.

這兩家電信公司遭受打擊時(shí)，正值美國(guó)和中國(guó)相互指責(zé)對(duì)方實(shí)施不公平的政策，并威脅要加征關(guān)稅。本周，一個(gè)由財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)史蒂文·努欽(Steven Mnuchin)等特朗普政府高層官員組成的代表團(tuán)抵達(dá)中國(guó)，參加旨在緩和緊張關(guān)系的會(huì)談。

The Trump administration has been considering other curbs on China, including investment restrictions and curtailing visas for Chinese nationals who work on sensitive research projects. The White House is also weighing new rules that would add to the goods and services traded with China that are subject to so-called deemed export rules. If such rules go into effect, American companies and universities will be required to obtain special licenses for Chinese researchers who have contact with a broader range of technology — making it harder for Chinese citizens to join in scientific research and product development programs.

特朗普政府一直在考慮對(duì)中國(guó)采取其他限制措施，包括投資限制和減少向從事敏感研究的中國(guó)人發(fā)放簽證。白宮還在權(quán)衡一批新規(guī)定。它們將增加對(duì)華貿(mào)易中受所謂視同出口規(guī)定制約的商品和服務(wù)。如果這些規(guī)定生效，美國(guó)的公司和高校會(huì)被要求為接觸技術(shù)范圍更廣的中國(guó)研究人員申請(qǐng)?zhí)厥獾脑S可證。這會(huì)增加中國(guó)公民參加科學(xué)研究和產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)的難度。

People familiar with the discussions cautioned that an executive order that expanded on these actions was still being worked on, and that legal hurdles remained.

知情人士告誡稱(chēng)，詳細(xì)闡述這些行動(dòng)的行政命令仍在制定過(guò)程中，法律障礙依然存在。

Lindsay E. Walters, the White House deputy press secretary, said the White House had no comment on individual actions. “Protecting critical infrastructure, including the supply chains associated with such infrastructure, is a critical part of protecting America’s national security and public safety,” she added.

白宮副發(fā)言人林賽·E·沃爾特斯(Lindsay E. Walters)說(shuō)，白宮對(duì)個(gè)人行為不予置評(píng)。“保護(hù)關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，包括與這類(lèi)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施相關(guān)的供應(yīng)鏈，是保護(hù)美國(guó)國(guó)家安全和公共安全的重要部分，”她接著說(shuō)。

American companies have expressed similar national security concerns about foreign tech companies, but say they’re waiting for details of the order.

美國(guó)公司對(duì)外國(guó)科技公司表達(dá)了類(lèi)似的國(guó)家安全擔(dān)憂，但表示它們正在等候命令的細(xì)節(jié)。

“Addressing global supply chain security concerns has long been a priority for the tech industry,” said Pamela Walker, vice president at the Information Technology Industry Council, a lobbying group. “Moving forward, we urge policymakers to share information with suppliers and contractors so we can increase the level of security and assurance within the supply chain.”

“應(yīng)對(duì)全球供應(yīng)鏈安全問(wèn)題一向是科技行業(yè)的首要任務(wù)，”游說(shuō)團(tuán)體信息技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)委員會(huì)(Information Technology Industry Council)副會(huì)長(zhǎng)帕梅拉·沃克(Pamela Walker)說(shuō)。“今后，我們呼吁政策制定者與供應(yīng)商和承包商共享信息，這樣我們就能提高供應(yīng)鏈內(nèi)部的安全和保障水平。”