第三次“文金會(huì)”：金正恩宣布將訪問首爾

SEOUL, South Korea — Kim Jong-un, the North Korean leader, will visit South Korea “in the near future,” he said on Wednesday after meeting with the South’s president, Moon Jae-in. He also agreed to dismantle missile facilities in the presence of outside inspectors, and he promised additional moves toward denuclearization if the United States takes steps of its own.

韓國(guó)首爾——朝鮮領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人金正恩周三表示，將“在不久的將來”訪問韓國(guó)，此前他與韓國(guó)總統(tǒng)文在寅舉行了會(huì)晤。金正恩還同意在有外部核查人員在場(chǎng)的情況下拆除導(dǎo)彈設(shè)施，并承諾為實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)核化采取更多的行動(dòng)，如果美國(guó)拿出自己的措施的話。

At a joint news conference with Mr. Kim in Pyongyang, the North Korean capital, Mr. Moon said he expected Mr. Kim to visit Seoul, the South’s capital, before the end of the year. Such a trip would be the first by any North Korean leader, another dramatic moment in a flurry of diplomacy in recent months.

文在寅在朝鮮首都平壤與金正恩一起舉行的一個(gè)聯(lián)合新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上說，他預(yù)期金正恩將在年底前訪問韓國(guó)首都首爾。這將是朝鮮領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人首次訪問韓國(guó)首都，也是近幾個(gè)月來一連串外交活動(dòng)的又一個(gè)引人注目的時(shí)刻。

Mr. Kim said he and Mr. Moon had “made a firm commitment to exert active efforts to make the Korean Peninsula free of nuclear weapons and nuclear threat and turn it into a land of peace.”

金正恩說，他和文在寅“堅(jiān)定承諾，將積極努力，使朝鮮半島擺脫核武器和核威脅，把半島變成和平家園”。

In a joint statement the two men signed, Mr. Kim agreed to “permanently dismantle” a missile-engine test facility and a missile launchpad in Dongchang-ri, in northwestern North Korea, and to allow outside inspectors to watch that process. The Dongchang-ri complex has been a key test center for the North’s intercontinental ballistic missile program.

在兩人簽署的一份聯(lián)合聲明中，金正恩同意“永久銷毀”朝鮮西北部東昌里的導(dǎo)彈發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)測(cè)試設(shè)施和導(dǎo)彈發(fā)射臺(tái)，并將允許外部核查人員觀察這一過程。東昌里基地一直是朝鮮洲際彈道導(dǎo)彈項(xiàng)目的主要測(cè)試中心。

North Korea also promised additional steps, including the permanent dismantlement of facilities at its main nuclear complex in Yongbyon, north of Pyongyang, if the United States takes “corresponding measures.” The North did not specify what it wanted from the Americans, but in recent weeks it has been demanding almost daily that Washington join the two Koreas in jointly declaring an end to the Korean War. Mr. Moon also advocates an end-of-war declaration.

朝鮮還承諾將采取更多的行動(dòng)，包括永久拆除位于平壤以北寧邊的主要核設(shè)施，如果美國(guó)采取“相應(yīng)措施”的話。朝鮮沒有具體說明想從美國(guó)得到什么，但最近幾周，朝鮮幾乎每天都在要求華盛頓加入朝韓兩國(guó)的行列，共同宣布朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的結(jié)束。文在寅也提出了發(fā)布結(jié)束戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)宣言的主張。

President Trump called the North Korean commitments “very exciting” on Twitter. He also noted that the two Koreas had agreed to submit a joint bid to host the 2032 Olympics.

特朗普總統(tǒng)在Twitter上稱朝鮮的承諾“非常令人興奮”。他還指出，朝韓兩國(guó)已同意共同申辦2032年奧運(yùn)會(huì)。

The Korean leaders’ summit meeting in Pyongyang was their third, and it was Mr. Moon’s first visit to Pyongyang as South Korea’s leader. The two had met on the inter-Korean border in April and May.

在平壤舉行的朝韓領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)晤是他們兩人的第三次峰會(huì)，也是文在寅作為韓國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人首次訪問平壤。兩位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人曾于今年4月和5月在朝韓邊境會(huì)面。

The big question hovering over their talks this week has been whether Mr. Kim would take steps to convince Washington that he is willing to denuclearize. American officials want to see concrete moves from the North, including freezing its nuclear activities and submitting a full list of its nuclear weapons, facilities and fissile materials. The North said nothing on Wednesday about submitting such a list.

圍繞著雙方本周會(huì)談的一個(gè)重大問題是，金正恩是否會(huì)采取措施讓華盛頓相信，他愿意去核化。美國(guó)官員希望看到朝鮮采取具體行動(dòng)，包括凍結(jié)朝鮮的核活動(dòng)，并提交其核武器、設(shè)施和裂變材料的完整清單。在提交這樣一份清單的問題上，朝鮮周三未作任何表示。

Permanently dismantling the Yongbyon complex would be a major concession. Yongbyon is the birthplace of the North’s nuclear arms program, and successive administrations in Washington have tried but failed to get it shut it down completely, though its activities were frozen for several years under a deal reached during the Clinton administration.

永久拆除寧邊核設(shè)施將是一個(gè)重大讓步。寧邊是朝鮮核武器項(xiàng)目的發(fā)源地，華盛頓的歷屆政府都曾試圖讓朝鮮徹底關(guān)閉這個(gè)基地，但都未成功，盡管克林頓政府時(shí)期達(dá)成的一項(xiàng)協(xié)議曾將那里的活動(dòng)凍結(jié)了數(shù)年。

The complex includes a centrifuge plant that produces highly enriched uranium for fueling nuclear bombs. It also contains the North’s only known source of plutonium, another bomb fuel: a Soviet-era nuclear reactor and a laboratory that extracts plutonium from the reactor’s spent fuel.

基地設(shè)施包括一個(gè)離心機(jī)，其用途是生產(chǎn)為核彈提供燃料的高濃縮鈾。基地還是朝鮮獲取钚的唯一已知來源，钚是另一種核彈燃料，寧邊有一個(gè)蘇聯(lián)時(shí)代的核反應(yīng)堆和一個(gè)從反應(yīng)堆乏燃料中提取钚的實(shí)驗(yàn)室。

But the North’s offer to shut Yongbyon came with strings attached. It made no specific demand of the United States in return, but it made clear it was sticking to its longstanding position that the Americans must match the North’s concessions in a “phased” denuclearization process.

但朝鮮提出關(guān)閉寧邊核設(shè)施是有附帶條件的。朝鮮沒有具體要求美國(guó)應(yīng)該做什么，但明確表示將堅(jiān)持朝鮮的長(zhǎng)期立場(chǎng)，即美國(guó)必須在“分階段”無(wú)核化進(jìn)程中采取與朝鮮的讓步相應(yīng)的措施。

And dismantling Yongbyon would not necessarily mean an end to the North’s nuclear development. Outside analysts have long suspected that North Korea has at least one other centrifuge plant that it operates in secret.

拆除寧邊基地并不一定意味著朝鮮核項(xiàng)目的終結(jié)。外界分析人士長(zhǎng)期以來一直覺得，朝鮮至少還有另一個(gè)秘密運(yùn)行的離心機(jī)廠。

The North’s offer to let inspectors watch the dismantlement of the Dongchang-ri missile facilities also represented a step forward. In May, when the North destroyed its only known nuclear test site in Punggye-ri in the northeast, journalists were allowed to film the operation from a distance, but no nuclear experts were invited to watch. That led many to suspect that the demolition was just for show and that the site could be reopened.

朝鮮提出讓核查人員觀看東昌里導(dǎo)彈設(shè)施的拆除，也代表著朝鮮向前邁出的一步。今年5月，在拆除其唯一被外界所知的位于東北部豐溪里的核試驗(yàn)基地時(shí)，朝鮮只允許記者從遠(yuǎn)處拍攝了這一過程，沒有邀請(qǐng)核專家前往觀看。這讓許多人覺得，拆除只是做給人看的，該設(shè)施能夠被重啟。

Also on Wednesday, the two Koreas’ defense ministers signed an agreement aimed at easing military tensions along the countries’ border, the most heavily armed in the world. On Nov. 1, it says, no-fly zones will be established along the border and both militaries will stop carrying out artillery and other drills close to the frontier.

朝韓兩國(guó)的國(guó)防部長(zhǎng)也同在周三簽署了一項(xiàng)協(xié)議，以緩解兩國(guó)邊境地區(qū)的軍事緊張局勢(shì)，朝韓邊境是世界上戒備最森嚴(yán)的地區(qū)。協(xié)議表示，將于11月1日開始，在邊境沿線設(shè)立禁飛區(qū)，兩國(guó)的軍隊(duì)將停止在邊境附近進(jìn)行火炮和其他軍事演習(xí)。

Both militaries will also remove some of the heavily armed guard posts they have built within the Demilitarized Zone, the 2.5-mile-wide buffer zone along the border, the agreement said.

協(xié)議說，兩國(guó)軍隊(duì)還將拆除各自在非軍事區(qū)內(nèi)設(shè)置的一些戒備森嚴(yán)的崗哨，非軍事區(qū)是沿著邊境線的一段4公里寬的緩沖區(qū)。

South Korean analysts have warned that much is at stake in Mr. Moon’s efforts to mediate a breakthrough in the stalled dialogue between Washington and Pyongyang. They said that if he failed to coax Mr. Trump and Mr. Kim to hold a second summit meeting, following up on their June talks in Singapore, the Korean Peninsula might revert to the roiling tensions of last year.

韓國(guó)分析人士警告說，在為陷入僵局的華盛頓平壤對(duì)話進(jìn)行的斡旋中，文在寅能否取得突破，是十分關(guān)鍵的。他們說，如果文在寅不能說服特朗普和金正恩，繼他們今年6月的新加坡會(huì)談后，舉行第二次峰會(huì)的話，去年的緊張狀態(tài)可能在朝鮮半島重現(xiàn)。

When Mr. Moon’s special envoys visited Mr. Kim in Pyongyang earlier this month, he told them that he was willing to denuclearize within Mr. Trump’s first term. But he said he would start taking phased actions toward that goal only if Washington reciprocated with “simultaneous” measures to prove that it was no longer hostile, the envoys said. At the same time, the North is continuing to expand its nuclear arsenal.

文在寅的特使在本月早些時(shí)候去平壤見金正恩時(shí)，金正恩對(duì)他們說，他愿意在特朗普的第一個(gè)任期內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)核化。但特使們說，金正恩稱只有在華盛頓方面采取“同步”措施，證明其不再對(duì)朝鮮懷有敵意時(shí)，他才會(huì)為實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)開始采取階段性的行動(dòng)。與此同時(shí)，朝鮮在繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大其核武庫(kù)。

As a first step, the North wants the United States to declare an end to the 1950-53 Korean War. The war was halted in a truce, not formally with a peace treaty, 65 years ago, leaving the peninsula still technically at war.

作為第一步，朝鮮希望美國(guó)宣布結(jié)束1950-53年的朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。65年前，朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以停戰(zhàn)協(xié)定而不是正式的和平條約?；穑@讓朝鮮半島嚴(yán)格說來仍處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)。

Next week, Mr. Moon is expected to brief Mr. Trump during a trip to the United Nations. Then, Mr. Trump is expected to decide whether he will meet with Mr. Kim again. White House officials said last week that Mr. Kim had recently proposed a second meeting.

預(yù)計(jì)文在寅在下周訪問聯(lián)合國(guó)期間，將向特朗普通報(bào)有關(guān)情況。在那之后，特朗普應(yīng)該會(huì)決定是否再次與金正恩會(huì)面。白宮官員上周說，金正恩最近提出了舉行第二次會(huì)晤的建議。

“If my visit helps restart North Korea-U.S. dialogue, that itself will be highly meaningful,” Mr. Moon said on Tuesday.

“如果我的訪問有助于重啟朝美對(duì)話的話，這本身將是非常有意義的，”文在寅周二說。

Mr. Kim greeted Mr. Moon at the Pyongyang airport when he arrived on Tuesday, kicking off a spectacle that stressed the ethnic affinity of the two Koreas, while giving few clues to whether he was willing to give up his nuclear weapons.

文在寅周二抵達(dá)平壤機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)，金正恩在機(jī)場(chǎng)迎接了他，拉開了一場(chǎng)強(qiáng)調(diào)朝韓兩國(guó)親密民族關(guān)系的精彩表演的序幕，但金正恩對(duì)自己是否愿意放棄核武器幾乎未做任何表示。

When Mr. Moon stepped off his plane, a smiling Mr. Kim was waiting on the tarmac with a military honor guard and a large crowd of Pyongyang citizens mobilized for his arrival. After the two leaders hugged each other and moved to their cars, the crowd fervently chanted “Hurrah!” and “Peace and prosperity!” while waving plastic flowers and “Korea-is-one” flags that showed an undivided Korean Peninsula.

文在寅走下飛機(jī)時(shí)，面帶微笑的金正恩已在停機(jī)坪上等待，還有一支三軍儀仗隊(duì)，以及被動(dòng)員來歡迎文在寅的大批平壤市民。兩位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人相互擁抱，進(jìn)入各自的轎車后，人群一邊熱烈高呼“歡迎!”、“和平繁榮!”等口號(hào)，一邊揮舞著塑料花和“朝韓是一家”的旗幟，旗上展示了一個(gè)未分開的朝鮮半島。

As the motorcade carrying Mr. Moon and Mr. Kim to a state guesthouse wove through Pyongyang, huge crowds, mostly women in bright flowing dresses, lined the boulevard, waving pink flowers and chanting for reunification.

當(dāng)送文在寅和金正恩前往朝鮮國(guó)賓館的車隊(duì)穿過平壤時(shí)，在林蔭大道兩旁沿街站立的人群，其中大多是身穿鮮艷民族服裝的女性，揮舞著粉色的花，高喊著統(tǒng)一的口號(hào)。

Tuesday’s crowds were clearly mobilized to show the North Koreans’ adoration for Mr. Kim and their support for his uriminzokkiri, or “among our nation,” policy of stressing inter-Korean cooperation while the North engages in a nuclear standoff with the Americans.

周二的人群顯然是被動(dòng)員來展示朝鮮人民對(duì)金正恩的愛戴，以及他們對(duì)金正恩的“我們民族之間”(uriminzokkiri)政策的支持的。

On Tuesday morning, North Korea’s state news media told its people of Mr. Moon’s planned visit, saying it would “offer an important opportunity in further accelerating the development of inter-Korean relations that is making a new history.” It did not make any reference to its nuclear weapons program.

周二上午，朝鮮的官方新聞媒體向朝鮮公眾介紹了文在寅的訪問計(jì)劃，稱訪問將“為進(jìn)一步加快正在創(chuàng)造新歷史的朝韓關(guān)系的發(fā)展提供一次重要的機(jī)會(huì)”。官媒對(duì)朝鮮核武器項(xiàng)目只字未提。