哥本哈根氣候峰會(huì)火藥味日漸濃厚

聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候峰會(huì)的緊張氣氛周一進(jìn)一步升溫，貧窮國(guó)家的一組代表曾一度走出會(huì)場(chǎng)，抗議談判進(jìn)展緩慢，而歐盟官員則表達(dá)了對(duì)美國(guó)和中國(guó)的惱火。

Tensions flared Monday at the United Nations climate summit, as representatives from a group of poor nations briefly walked out of the conference to protest the slow pace of negotiations, and European Union officials expressed exasperation with the U.S. and China.

一名巴西外交官說(shuō)，代表發(fā)展中國(guó)家以及巴西、印度和中國(guó)等新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體的77國(guó)集團(tuán)在周一上午的談判中退出了會(huì)議。瑞典環(huán)境部長(zhǎng)安德烈亞斯·卡爾格林(Andreas Carlgren)說(shuō)，代表們當(dāng)天晚些時(shí)候重返會(huì)場(chǎng)，但實(shí)質(zhì)性問(wèn)題仍未得到解決。瑞典將在今年年底前擔(dān)任為期6個(gè)月的歐盟輪值主席國(guó)，因此它是歐盟的代表。

The Group of 77, which represents developing countries as well as large emerging economies such as Brazil, India and China, walked out of the negotiations in the morning, a Brazilian diplomat said. The delegates returned to the conference later Monday, but the underlying issues remained unsolved, Swedish Minister Andreas Carlgren said. Sweden represents the European Union, as it holds the six-month rotating presidency of the 27-country bloc until the end of the year.

哥本哈根會(huì)場(chǎng)內(nèi)的動(dòng)蕩與會(huì)場(chǎng)外的騷動(dòng)和混亂交相呼應(yīng)，數(shù)百人要在寒冷的天氣中排隊(duì)等上幾個(gè)小時(shí)才能進(jìn)入會(huì)場(chǎng)中心。與此同時(shí)，丹麥警方周六和周日逮捕和拘留了1,000多名會(huì)場(chǎng)外的示威者。丹麥國(guó)會(huì)在氣候會(huì)議前通過(guò)了新的立法，允許預(yù)防性拘留。根據(jù)這條規(guī)定，警方最長(zhǎng)的扣留時(shí)間為12小時(shí)。

The turbulence inside the Copenhagen conference was matched by disturbances and disorganization outside, as hundreds of people waited in line for hours in chilly weather to gain access to the conference center. Meanwhile, Danish police arrested and detained more than 1,000 protestors who staged demonstrations outside the climate conference Saturday and Sunday. Danish lawmakers passed new legislation ahead of the climate conference allowing preventative detention, under which people can be held by police for up to 12 hours.

氣候會(huì)議的正式程序已進(jìn)入了第二周。包括奧巴馬總統(tǒng)在內(nèi)的一些國(guó)家的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人預(yù)計(jì)將在本周晚些時(shí)候抵達(dá)，希望能在表面上達(dá)成一項(xiàng)協(xié)議，以遏制全球溫室氣體的排放，并建立新的機(jī)制，向貧窮國(guó)家提供補(bǔ)貼，讓它們采用低碳能源技術(shù)或應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣溫不斷上升的影響。其中更引人注目的要求采取行動(dòng)的是一些島國(guó)的代表，他們警告說(shuō)，如果極地冰蓋融化提高了海平面，他們的低海拔國(guó)家可能會(huì)被淹沒(méi)。

The official proceedings of the climate conference are heading into their second week. World leaders, including President Barack Obama, are expected to arrive late this week ostensibly to clinch a deal to curb worldwide greenhouse gas emissions and establish new mechanisms for subsidizing efforts by poor countries to adopt low-carbon energy technology or adapt to the effects of rising global temperatures. Among the more high profile groups demanding action are representatives of island nations who have warned their low-lying countries could be swamped if melting polar ice caps raise ocean levels.

哥本哈根會(huì)議爭(zhēng)執(zhí)的核心是對(duì)資金問(wèn)題的尖銳分歧。周一這個(gè)問(wèn)題再度成為了焦點(diǎn)。

At the heart of the disputes in Copenhagen are sharp disagreements over money, which came to the fore again Monday.

哥本哈根峰會(huì)旨在尋求達(dá)成新的國(guó)際協(xié)議，以在2012年后限制全球變暖。發(fā)展中國(guó)家希望保持1997年《京都議定書(shū)》(Kyoto Protocol)削減溫室氣體排放的框架，而以一份新的文件加以補(bǔ)充。《京都議定書(shū)》強(qiáng)制要求富裕國(guó)家減排，但沒(méi)有對(duì)貧窮國(guó)家和美國(guó)做出限制。

The Copenhagen summit seeks to find a new agreement on international rules to limit global warming after 2012. Developing countries want to keep the structure of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol --which mandates rich nations, but not poorer countries nor the U.S.--to cut greenhouse gas emissions, with a new document to supplement it.

中國(guó)代表團(tuán)的一名成員說(shuō)，中方的立場(chǎng)是《京都議定書(shū)》的規(guī)定必須在任何新的協(xié)議中得到尊重。但美國(guó)談判代表曾說(shuō)，他們不會(huì)支持對(duì)中國(guó)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)貼。美國(guó)也從來(lái)沒(méi)有批準(zhǔn)《京都議定書(shū)》，原因之一是美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)議員反對(duì)其方案，即富裕國(guó)家應(yīng)該不斷減少礦物燃料使用，而中國(guó)、印度和其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家不會(huì)面臨這種限制，并從理論上能夠繼續(xù)以損害美國(guó)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手為代價(jià)擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)。

A member of the Chinese delegation said the country stands by the position that provisions under the Kyoto Protocol must be respected in any new pact. But U.S. negotiators have said they won't support subsidies for China. The U.S. also never ratified the Kyoto Protocol, in part because U.S. lawmakers objected to the proposal that rich nations should accept steady cuts in their use of fossil fuels, while China, India and other developing nations wouldn't face such restrictions and could, in theory, continue to expand their manufacturing at the expense of U.S. rivals.

哥本哈根會(huì)談的另一個(gè)敏感問(wèn)題周一浮出了水面。負(fù)責(zé)批準(zhǔn)碳減排信用的聯(lián)合國(guó)機(jī)構(gòu)本月初拒絕了中國(guó)的10個(gè)風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目，并指責(zé)中國(guó)捏造數(shù)據(jù)以獲得國(guó)際補(bǔ)貼，中國(guó)隨后大力抨擊該機(jī)構(gòu)。

Another sensitive issue in the Copenhagen talks surfaced Monday as China lashed out at the U.N. office in charge of approving carbon credits after it rejected 10 Chinese wind farm projects earlier this month and accused China of fudging the numbers to make them eligible for international subsidies.

中國(guó)國(guó)家發(fā)改委負(fù)責(zé)聯(lián)合國(guó)清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制(CDM)相關(guān)事務(wù)的官員孫翠華說(shuō)，如果你拒絕風(fēng)力發(fā)電，那還有什么？

'If you reject wind power, what else is there?' said Sun Cuihua, an official at the National Reform and Development Commission which overseas the U.N.-sanctioned clean development mechanism that creates carbon credits.

根據(jù)清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制，富裕國(guó)家可在貧窮國(guó)家投資碳減排項(xiàng)目，由此獲得可以交易的碳減排信用。

Under the CDM mechanism, rich countries can invest in carbon-abatement projects in poor countries and get carbon credits that can be traded.

孫翠華在中國(guó)風(fēng)電場(chǎng)擁有者和開(kāi)發(fā)企業(yè)發(fā)表聲明抗議聯(lián)合國(guó)此項(xiàng)決定的一個(gè)會(huì)議上對(duì)記者說(shuō)，他們說(shuō)我們操縱電價(jià)，這是不負(fù)責(zé)任的說(shuō)法。

'They say that we made up the electricity prices; that is not a responsible thing to say,' Ms. Sun told reporters at a meeting where Chinese windfarm owners and developers issued a statement protesting the U.N. decision.

隨著哥本哈根峰會(huì)的深入，就連77國(guó)集團(tuán)內(nèi)部也不是鐵板一塊。

Even the G-77 isn't in total harmony as it heads into the final stretch of this meeting.

據(jù)77國(guó)集團(tuán)內(nèi)部的一位知情官員說(shuō)，沙特阿拉伯和巴西周一在碳捕捉和封存問(wèn)題上產(chǎn)生了爭(zhēng)執(zhí)。目前沙特正在加強(qiáng)自身的減排努力。

Saudi Arabia and Brazil sparred Monday over carbon capture and sequestration, something the kingdom is pushing to shore up its own emission-reduction efforts, according to an official from a G-77 nation familiar with the matter.

巴西關(guān)注的是，碳捕捉和封存可能會(huì)削弱它的生物燃料產(chǎn)業(yè)，因?yàn)楦鲊?guó)可能選擇燃燒更多的化石燃料，將排放物掩埋到地下，而不是燃燒乙醇等清潔的生物燃料。巴西是乙醇生產(chǎn)大國(guó)。

Brazil is concerned that CCS could dent its biofuels industry, as nations opt to burn more fossil fuels and bury emissions underground, rather than burn clean-burning biofuels such as ethanol, of which Brazil is a leader.