《國風(fēng)·衛(wèi)風(fēng)·氓》是周代著名文學(xué)作品《詩經(jīng)》中的詩歌。這是一首棄婦自訴婚姻悲劇的長詩。詩中的女主人公以無比沉痛的口氣,回憶了戀愛生活的甜蜜,以及婚后被丈夫虐待和遺棄的痛苦。全詩六章,第一章,追敘自己由初戀而定的婚;第二章,敘述自己陷入情網(wǎng),沖破了媒妁之言的桎梏而與氓結(jié)婚;第三章,她對一群年青貌美的天真少女,現(xiàn)身說法地規(guī)勸她們不要沉醉于愛情,并指出男女不平等的現(xiàn)象;第四章,對氓的負(fù)心表示怨恨,她指出,這不是女人的差錯(cuò),而是氓的反復(fù)無常;第五章,接著追敘,敘述她婚后的操勞、被虐和兄弟的譏笑而自傷不幸;第六章,敘述幼年彼此的友愛和今日的乖離,斥責(zé)氓的虛偽和欺騙,堅(jiān)決表示和氓在感情上一刀兩斷。此詩通過棄婦的自述,表達(dá)了她悔恨的心情與決絕的態(tài)度,深刻地反映了古代社會(huì)婦女在戀愛婚姻問題上倍受壓迫和摧殘的情況。
《詩經(jīng)--國風(fēng)·衛(wèi)風(fēng)·氓》
氓之蚩蚩,抱布貿(mào)絲。
匪來貿(mào)絲,來即我謀。
送子涉淇,至于頓丘。
匪我愆期,子無良媒。
將子無怒,秋以為期。
乘彼垝垣,以望復(fù)關(guān)。
不見復(fù)關(guān),泣涕漣漣。
既見復(fù)關(guān),載笑載言。
爾卜爾筮,體無咎言。
以爾車來,以我賄遷。
桑之未落,其葉沃若。
于嗟鳩兮,無食桑葚!
于嗟女兮,無與士耽!
士之耽兮,猶可說也;
女之耽兮,不可說也。
桑之落矣,其黃而隕。
自我徂爾,三歲食貧。
淇水湯湯,漸車帷裳。
女也不爽,士貳其行。
士也罔極,二三其德!
三歲為婦,靡室勞矣。
夙興夜寐,靡有朝矣!
言既遂矣,至于暴矣。
兄弟不知,咥其笑矣。
靜言思之,躬自悼矣!
及爾偕老,老使我怨。
淇則有岸,隰則有泮。
總角之宴,言笑晏晏。
信誓旦旦,不思其反。
反是不思,亦已焉哉!
A Simple Fellow
A simple fellow, all smiles,
Brought cloth to exchange for thread,
Not in truth to buy thread
But to arrange about me.
I saw you across the Qi
As far as Dunqiu;
It was not I who wanted to put it off,
But you did not have a proper matchmaker.
I begged you not to be angry
And fixed autumn as the time.
I climbed the city wall
To watch for your return to the pass;
And when you did not come
My tears fell in floods;
Then I saw you come,
And how gaily I laughed and talked!
You consulted tortoise-shell and milfoil, (1)
And they showed nothing unlucky;
You came with your cart
And took me off with my dowry.
Before the mulberry sheds its leaves,
How green and fresh they are!
Ah, turtle-dove,
Do not eat the mulberries!
Ah, girls,
Do not take your pleasure with men!
A man can take pleasure
And get away with it,
But a girl
Will never get away with it.
The mulberry sheds its leaves
Yellow and sere;
After going to you
Three years I supped on poverty.
Deep are the waters of the Qi;
They wet the curtains as the carriage crossed,
I did no wrong,
You were the one to blame;
It was you who were faithless
And changed.
Three years I was your wife,
Never idle in your house,
Rising early and retiring late
Day after day.
All went smoothly
Till you turned rough;
And my brothers, not knowing,
Laughed and joked with me as before.
Alone, thinking over my fate,
I could only lament.
I had hoped to grow old with you,
Now the thought of old age grieves my heart.
The Qi has its shores,
The Shi its banks;
How happy we were, our hair in tufts, (2)
How fondly we talked and laughed,
How solemnly we swore to be true!
I must think no more of the past;
The past is done with —
Better let it end like this!
(1)Used for divination
(2)Young people, before coming of age, tied their hair in two tufts.