(9) THE FATHER'S VIRTUES ARE PRAISED
昔時(shí)有人,于眾人中,嘆己父德,而作是言:“我父慈仁,不害不盜,直作實(shí)語,兼行布施。”
Once upon a time there was a man who praised his father's virtues before everybody. "My father is compassionate. He neither kills nor steals. He speaks earnestly and gives alms," said the man.
時(shí)有愚人,聞其此語,便作是言:“我父德行,復(fù)過汝父。”諸人問言:“有何德行?請道其事。”愚人答曰:“我父小來,斷絕淫欲,初無染污。”眾人語言:“若斷淫欲,云何生汝?”深為時(shí)人之所怪笑。
At the time, it so happened that a stupid man heard those words and declared, "My father is more virtuous than yours." The others asked, "In what way he is more virtuous'! Please tell us about him." The man answered, "Undefiled as my father was, he gave up completely his sexual desires when he was young". The others said, "If your father had done so, how could he have brought you into the world?" This aroused the sardonical laugh from all those around him.
猶如世間無智之流,欲贊人德,不識(shí)其實(shí),反致毀訾。如彼愚者,意好嘆父,言成過失,此亦如是。
There are those ignorant people in the world who want to extol the merits of others without knowing how to be realistic and get ridiculed instead. These people are just like that stupid man who wanted to praise his father but turned out to speak fatuously.
注釋:
?、僖涸谛孕袨樯戏趴v,違反社會(huì)道德。本文指性行為。
②初無染污:從未與異性有過接觸。
③毀訾(zi):詆毀議論。
白話:
從前有個(gè)人在大家的面前贊譽(yù)自己父親的人品:“我父親仁慈寬厚,不損害他人,不拿不義之財(cái),行為正派,實(shí)話實(shí)說,并能夠關(guān)心和幫助別人。”這時(shí)有一個(gè)愚蠢的人,聽到這些話,就接著講:“我父親的品行超過您的父親。”大家便問:“有什么品行呢?請具體說一說。”愚人回答:“我父親從小就斷絕了性行為,從未與異性接觸,做不干凈的事。”大家發(fā)問:“如果他斷絕了性行為,怎么會(huì)生下你呢?”惹來了大家的一片譏笑聲。
這就像社會(huì)上沒有常識(shí)的人,想稱贊別人的品德,但不了解實(shí)際情況,反而會(huì)招來人們的詆毀和議論。這和愚蠢的人,本意是贊譽(yù)父親,卻由于表達(dá)不當(dāng),惹人譏笑的道理一樣。
解說:
名實(shí)相當(dāng),方能完美地達(dá)到目的。
辨析:
從初衷上看是相同的,但結(jié)果卻相去甚遠(yuǎn),問題的癥結(jié)在哪里呢?
佛家有“一花一世界,一樹一精神”的說法。在自然中,如果認(rèn)起真來,也找不到兩片完全相同的葉。在世界上亦無兩個(gè)完全相同的人。但作為人,有一點(diǎn)在生活中是相同的,就是都需要理解、信任、關(guān)心、鼓勵(lì)和充滿愛的心,孩童需要鼓勵(lì),老者也同樣如此,也許在經(jīng)過了許多風(fēng)風(fēng)雨雨、悲歡離合的歲月之后,更需要也更能體會(huì)出鼓勵(lì)和尊重的內(nèi)涵和意蘊(yùn)。當(dāng)然適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ê蜕埔獗碚玫囊庠敢y(tǒng)一。要想使動(dòng)機(jī)和效果相合,把握分寸就顯得相當(dāng)重要了。
(摘自《百喻經(jīng)注釋與辨析》)
供您思考:
圣法法師說:“世間每一個(gè)人都愛著面子,愛受人家的贊揚(yáng)。不希望人家嫌?xùn)|嫌西,不喜歡人家說他缺點(diǎn),或不對的事情,而且喜歡夸耀自己的親人。”過分的夸耀也會(huì)反而貶降自己的人格。可是一般人都愛聽虛偽的話。譬如做生意即“犧牲血本”“三折五折優(yōu)待”來招引顧客。在人前即贊揚(yáng)此人如何的能干、聰明或仁德學(xué)問等,在背后即說他壞話一大堆。因而社會(huì)變成人人都虛偽——“自欺欺人被人欺”。
編者言:
有一天我家來了個(gè)客人,向我家人贊嘆某法師持戒清凈,連牛奶都不喝。我聞之不解,便前去問她:你是居士,不知比丘戒,怎么知道他持戒清凈呢?如果單憑不喝牛奶謂持戒清凈,那么250條比丘戒成了牛奶戒了,再說佛陀在世時(shí)亦喝牛奶,這比丘戒跟牛奶有什么關(guān)系呢?
我再問:“那位法師為什么不喝牛奶呢?”她回答說:“因?yàn)樗f牛奶是小牛吃的,人喝了牛奶,小牛就沒吃了,就有傷慈悲心。”我微微發(fā)笑說:“要真有小牛,農(nóng)民怎肯讓小牛餓肚子,把牛奶賣給人吃呢?何況牛奶棚飼養(yǎng)的奶牛,是專門供人喝奶的呢?”
這兩位所說,實(shí)與《百喻經(jīng)》里的嘆父德行的愚人一樣地愚得令人發(fā)笑。