此文盤點近年高考全國各地英語試題,精選考例,揭示熱點,并提出應試方法及備考策略。
Ⅰ、常見時態(tài)的一般用法
一、將來時
[例1]—Did you tell Julia about the result?
—Oh, no, I forget. I _____her now. (NMET2005Ⅲ)
A. will be calling B. will call
C. call D. am to call
答案B。從題干得知我并未告知Julia結果,受對方啟示,說話者現(xiàn)在臨時想到要告知對方。
[備考啟示]will/shall do用作將來表說話者臨時想到要干的某個動作,是說話者主觀態(tài)度或看法。一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時、be to do以及be going to均可用來表將來。
二、進行時
1.過去進行時
[例2]Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didn’t want her parents to know what she_____. (遼寧2005NMET)
A. has done B. had done
C. was doing D. is doing
答案C。從時態(tài)呼應上考慮,A和D均錯;Susan不想讓其父母知道她眼下正在干什么,便背著父母偷偷干。
[備考啟示]過去某個時刻正在進行的動作用過去進行時;在口語中,說話者所說內(nèi)容是非一定目的、隨意的,亦常用過去進行時。
2.現(xiàn)在進行時
[例3] Although the causes of cancer _____, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it. (山東2006NMET)
A. are being uncovered
B. have been uncovering
C. are uncovering
D. have uncovered
答案A。此題考查狀語從句中時態(tài)。主語causes of cancer和謂語動詞uncover存在動賓關系,故選用被動語態(tài),排除選項B、C、D;致癌原因正被揭開,故選進行時的被動語態(tài)。
[備考啟示] 現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作或現(xiàn)階段一直在進行的動作,但說話時不一定正在進行,較一般現(xiàn)在時相比具有暫時性。
3.將來進行時
[例4] At this time tomorrow ____over the Atlantic.(北京2003NMET)
A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly
答案B。明天此時我們正飛越大西洋。描述將來某個時刻正在發(fā)生的動作。
[備考啟示]將來某個時刻正在發(fā)生的動作用將來進行時,注意時間暗示。
4.現(xiàn)在或過去完成進行時
[例5] I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he ____on it for more than an hour. (湖北2006NMET)
A. has been working
B. will have worked
C. will have been working
D. had worked
答案A。在時間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時,故排除選項B和C;據(jù)時態(tài)呼應規(guī)律排除選項D;學生一直在做數(shù)學練習,直到規(guī)定時間完畢教師才公布答案。
[備考啟示]某個動作或過程過去已經(jīng)開始,一直持續(xù)到說話時刻,有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)。因此,現(xiàn)在完成進行時仍帶有進行時的持續(xù)性;某個動作或過程過去的過去已經(jīng)開始,一直持續(xù)到過去某個時刻,有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù),用過去完成進行時。
三、一般過去時
[例6] My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He ____there for a few months and then went to America. (江西2006NMET)
A. worked B. would work
C. would be working D. has been working
答案A。描述過去曾發(fā)生的事實,and then went也加以提示。
[備考啟示]一般過去時表在過去某時間中一次完成的動作或一度存在的狀態(tài)或過去經(jīng)常性習慣性動作,但現(xiàn)已不復存在,側重描述過去事實,與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。
四、完成時
1.現(xiàn)在完成時
[例7] Customers are asked to make sure that they ____the right change before leaving the shop.(重慶2006NMET)
A. will give B. have been given
C. have given D. will be given
答案B??疾橘e語從句中時態(tài)兼語態(tài)。“找零”動作發(fā)生在“離開”之前,故用完成時。
[備考啟示] 現(xiàn)在完成時表示某個動作或過程在過去某個時間已經(jīng)開始,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成或可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。
2.過去完成時
[例8] Father _____for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him. (福建2005NMET)
A. has left B. left
C. was leaving D. had left
答案D。父親去倫敦出差這一動作在我去看他之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生,故我沒見著他。
[備考啟示]某個動作或過程在過去的過去已經(jīng)完成,與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。
3.將來完成時
[例9] By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _____for London to attend a meeting. (天津2005NMET)
A. will leave B. leaves
C. will have left D. left
答案C。等Jane回到家,她姑媽已離開去倫敦開會了。描述將來某一時刻前已完成的動作。
[備考啟示]將來某一時刻前已完成的動作或過程用將來完成時。
五、一般現(xiàn)在時
[例10] The father as well as his three children ____skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. (遼寧2006NMET)
A. is going B. go
C. goes D. are going
答案C。描述現(xiàn)在習慣性動作使用一般現(xiàn)在時;此題還涉及主謂一致。
[備考啟示]一般現(xiàn)在時表不受時限的客觀存在、現(xiàn)在習慣性動作及現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)或瞬間動作。
Ⅱ、常見時態(tài)的特殊用法