2021年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀真題以及答案（三）

英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀，作為大學(xué)英語(yǔ)能力的重要評(píng)估指標(biāo)，不僅檢驗(yàn)了學(xué)生對(duì)詞匯、語(yǔ)法的掌握，更考察了其閱讀理解和信息篩選的能力。在全球化背景下，提升這一能力對(duì)于拓寬視野、增進(jìn)跨文化交流至關(guān)重要。今天，小編將分享2021年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀真題以及答案（卷三），希望能為大家提供幫助！

Section A

Directions: In this section,there is a passage with ten blamks.Yow are required to select one word foreach blank from a list ofchoices given ina word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefullybefore making your choices,Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use amy ofthe wonds in the bank more tham once.

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

The sheets are damp with sweat.You're cold,but yourheart is racing as if a killer just chased you down a dark street.It was just a nightmare,you tell yourself;there's nothing to be afraid of.But you're still filled with   26  Given how unsettling and haunting nightmares can be,is there a way for dreamers to  27  or even turn off,these bad dreams as they happen?

Research is  28  ,but some studies suggest that people who can master lucid dreaming—that is,the ability to be  29  that a nightmare is happening and possibly even control it without wakingup—may hold the  30  .

Nightmares are part of the human experience,especially for kids.Doctors  31  don't consider occasional nightmares a problem.They can just be symptoms of a sleep disorder that can  32  from an unpleasant  experience,stress,or certain drugs.

To treat the disorder,there are a number of medicines and therapies that are backed by  33  research,according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, which analyzed the available research on the treatment of nightmare disorder in a recent  34  published in the .Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.

However,nightmares are complicated,and researchers are still struggling to understand them,said Dr.Rachel    Salas,an expert on sleep disorders and an associate professor at Johns Hopkins Medicine in Baltimore.What we  do know is that people  35  to have different kinds of nightmares at different points during the sleep  cycle.

A)amount      I)mechanical

B)answer      J)result

C)avoid       K)review

D)aware       L)rigorous

E)depart       M)tend

F)drastically   N)timidity

G)fear        O)typically

H)limited

答案解析

26.G) 【語(yǔ)義判斷】本句意為：但你仍然充滿(mǎn)_____。由前一句可知，你知道只是一場(chǎng)噩夢(mèng)，沒(méi)什么可怕的。本句與前一句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，因此空格處應(yīng)填入含有“害怕”意義的名詞，由此確定答案為G)fear。N)timidity表示“膽怯”,指缺乏勇氣，與句意不符，因此排除。

27.C)【語(yǔ)義判斷】本句意為：考慮到噩夢(mèng)是多么令人不安和揮之不去，做夢(mèng)的人有沒(méi)有辦法_____,甚至在這些糟糕的夢(mèng)發(fā)生時(shí)關(guān)掉它們?空格后的or表示選擇關(guān)系，even 表示程度加深，因此空格處應(yīng)填入與turnoff意義相近的動(dòng)詞原形，由此確定答案為C)avoid。 備選的其他動(dòng)詞原形的詞義與turn off無(wú)關(guān)，因此排除。

28.H)【語(yǔ)義判斷】本句意為：研究是_____。本句信息較少，無(wú)法直接推斷出答案。根據(jù)后一分句“但有一些研究表明………”可知，空格處所表達(dá)的意思應(yīng)與后一分句成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，可以推出目前的研究還有限，結(jié)合備選形容詞詞義，可確定答案為H)himited。另外幾個(gè)備選詞中，D)aware 的主語(yǔ)是人，I)mechanical不能修飾 research,rigorous與后面的分句不能構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故排除。

29.D)【語(yǔ)義判斷】本句意為：那些能夠掌握清醒夢(mèng)的人——也就是能夠_____噩夢(mèng)正在發(fā)生，甚至可能在不醒來(lái)的情況下控制噩夢(mèng)。破折號(hào)之間的部分是插入語(yǔ)，對(duì)前面lucid dreaming“清醒夢(mèng)”進(jìn)行解釋。由此可知，所謂“清醒夢(mèng)”就是知道噩夢(mèng) 在發(fā)生，因此空格處應(yīng)填入含有“知道，意識(shí)到”意 義的形容詞，由此確定答案為D)aware。

30.B)【語(yǔ)義判斷】本句意為：那些能夠掌握清醒夢(mèng)的人——也就是能夠意識(shí)到噩夢(mèng)正在發(fā)生，甚至可能在不醒來(lái)的情況下控制噩夢(mèng)——可能就有_____了。本段是對(duì)第二段提出的問(wèn)題“有沒(méi)有方法避免甚至關(guān)掉噩夢(mèng)?”所做的回答。很明顯，會(huì)清醒地做夢(mèng)的人就可以關(guān)掉噩夢(mèng)，因此空格處應(yīng)填入含有“答案，辦法”意義的名詞，由此確定答案為B)answer。

31.O)【語(yǔ)義判斷】本句意為：醫(yī)生_____不認(rèn)為偶爾做噩夢(mèng)是個(gè)問(wèn)題。前一句提到，噩夢(mèng)是人類(lèi)經(jīng)歷的一部分，后一句提到，它們可能只是睡眠障礙的癥狀。由此可知，在醫(yī)生看來(lái)，噩夢(mèng)是比較正常的，通常不會(huì)是大問(wèn)題。因此空格處應(yīng)填入含有 “通?！币饬x的副詞，由此確定答案為O)typically。另外一個(gè)備選副詞F)drastically“急劇地”不符合句意，因此排除。

32.J)【語(yǔ)義判斷】本句意為：它們可能只是睡眠障礙的癥狀，可能是由不愉快的經(jīng)歷、壓力或某些藥物_____?？崭袼诘?that 從句是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾sleep disorder。由句意可知，that從句里提到的因素可以導(dǎo)致sleep disorder,因此空格處應(yīng)填入含有“由………引起”意義的動(dòng)詞原形，由此確定答案為J)result 。備選的其他動(dòng)詞原形中，除E)depart之外，其他均不能與介詞from 連用，但是 depart from表示“出發(fā)：違反(常規(guī)》”的意思，不符合句意，因此排除。

33.L)【語(yǔ)義判斷】本句意為：為了治療睡眠障礙，有很多得到了_____研究支撐的藥物和療法。本題可以用排除法。在備選形容詞中，D)aware不能作名詞的定語(yǔ)，即不能位于名詞之前，I)mechanica不能修飾research, 意義不通，因此排除這兩項(xiàng)。 H)limited意思是“有限的”,與句中a number of“大量的”相矛盾，因此排除。由此確定本題答案為L(zhǎng))rigorous,rigorous research表示“嚴(yán)格的研究”。

34.K)【語(yǔ)義判斷】本句意為：最近發(fā)表在《臨床睡眠醫(yī)學(xué) 雜志》上的一篇_____,分析了關(guān)于治療噩夢(mèng)障礙的現(xiàn)有研究。由句意可知，發(fā)表在《臨床睡眠醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》上的這篇文章是對(duì)現(xiàn)有研究的梳理，在學(xué)術(shù)寫(xiě)作中，這類(lèi)文章屬于綜述性質(zhì)，因此空格處應(yīng) 填入含有“綜述”意義的名詞，由此確定答案為K) review。

35.M)【語(yǔ)義判斷】本句意為：我們所知道的就是，人們?cè)谒咧芷诘牟煌瑫r(shí)間_____做不同類(lèi)型的噩夢(mèng)。備選項(xiàng)中符合要求的只有M)tend“往往”使 句意通順，故答案為M)。備選的其他動(dòng)詞均沒(méi)有此含義，而且都不能與to do連用，因此排除。

Section B

Directions: In this section,you aregoing to read a passage with ten statements altached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choosea paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Why it mattersthat teens arereading less

A)Most of us spend much more time with digital media than we did a decade ago.But today's teens have grown up with smartphones.Compared with teens a couple of decades ago,the way they interact with traditional media like books and movies is fundamentally different.

B)Analysis of surveys of over one million teens in the United States collected since 1976 reveals a major shift in how teens are spending their leisure time.Paper books are being ignored,in favor of screens.Digital devices are changing other behaviors,too.More and more,young people choose spending time on their electronic devices over engaging in other activities,regardless of the type.Indeed,by 2016,the averageAmerican high school senior said they spent six hours a day writing text messages,on social media, and online during their free time.And that covers just three activities,and if other digital media activities wereincluded,that estimate would no doubt rise.

C)Teens did not always spend that much time with digital media.Onlinetime has doubled since 2006,and social media use has moved from a periodic activity to a daily one inthe same period.By 2016,nearly nine out often young women in the  12th grade said they visited social media sites every day.Meanwhile,time spent playing video games rose from under an hour a day to an hour and a half on average.One out often American 8th grade  students in 2016 spent 40 hours a week or moreplaying video games.Let me emphasize that this is equalto the time most adults spend per week at work.

D)If teens are spending so much time using electronic devices,does that mean they have to give up some other activities?Maybe not.Over the years,many scholars have insisted that time online does not necessarily take away time spent engaging with traditional media or on other activities.Some people,they argue,are just more interested in certainkinds ofmedia and entertainment.Thus,using more of one type of media does not necessarily mean less of the other.

E)That may be true,but that still does not tell us much about what happens across a whole generation ofpeople when time spent on digital media grows.Large surveys conducted  over the course of many years tell us that American youth are not going to the cinema nearly as often as they did in the past.While 70 percent of 8th and 10th grade students used to go to the movies once a month or more,now only about half do this.More and  more,watching a movie is something teens choose to do on their electronic devices. Why is this a problem?One reason is that going to the cinema is generally a social activity.Now,watching movies is something that most teens do alone.This fits a larger  pattern.In another analysis,researchers found that today's teens go out  with their friendsmuch lessoften than previousgenerations did.

F)But the trends related to movies are less disturbing compared with the change in how teens spend their time.Research has revealed an enormous decline in reading.In 1980, about 60 percent of senior high school students said they read a book,newspaper or magazine every day that was not assigned for school.By 2016,only  16 percent did. This is a huge drop and it is important to note that this was not merely a decline in reading paper books,newspapers or magazines.The survey allowed for reading materialsona digital device

G)Indeed,the numberof seniorhigh school students who said they had not read any books for pleasure in the last year was one out of three by 2016.That is triple the number from two decades ago.For today's youth,books,newspapers and magazines have less and less of a presence in their daily lives.Of course,teens are still reading. But they are generally reading short texts.Most of them are not reading long articles or books that explore deep themes and require critical thinking and reflection.Perhaps not accidentally,in 2016 reading scores were the lowest they have ever been since 1972.

H)This might present problems for young people later on.When high school students go on to college,their past and current reading habits will influence their academic performance.Imagine going from reading texts as short as one or two sentences to trying to read entire books written in complex language and containing sophisticated ideas.Reading and comprehending longer books and chapters takes practice,and American teens are no longer getting that practice.

I)So how can this problem be solved?Should parents and teachers take away teens smartphones and replace them with paper books?Probably not.Research has shown that smartphones are currently American teens'main form of social communication This means that,without a smartphone,teens are likely to feel isolated from their peers. However,that does not mean teens need to use electronic devices as often as they do now.Data connecting excessive digital media time to mental health issues suggests a limit of two hours a day of free time spent with screens,a restriction that will also allow time for other activities—like going to the movies with friends or reading longer,more complicated texts

J)The latter is especially important.I wouldargue that of all the changes brought about by the widespread use of digital devices,the huge decline in reading is likely to have the biggest negative impact on today's teens because reading books and longer articles is one of the best ways to learn critical thinking.It helps people to understand complex issues and toseparate fact from fiction.Thus,deep reading is crucial for being a good citizen,a successful college student and a productive employee.If serious reading dies, a lot will go with it.

36.Many years'surveys reveal that youngpeople in America are going to the cinema much less often than they used to.

37.Survey analysis shows American teens now spend their leisure time on digital devices rather than reading printed books.

38.The numberof senior high schoolers not reading books for pleasure in a year increased three times over 20 years.

39.Many scholarsclaim that spending time on electronic devices doesn't necessarily mean a decrease of time for other activities

40.Most people spend much more time interacting with digital media than they did ten years ago.

41.The author claimsthat it will be a great loss if we no longer readbooksand longer articles.

42.Over a decade or so,American teens'social media use shifted from an occasional activity to a routine one.

43.A more disturbing trend in America today is that teensare spending far less time reading than around four decades ago.

44.Some five years ago,high school seniors in America generally spent more than six hours a dayon electronic devices.

45.It was found that American youngsters today don't socialize nearly as much as the earlier generations.

答案解析

36.【定位】由題干中的 surveys 和 going tothe cinema定位到文章E) 段第二句。

E)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，多年來(lái)進(jìn)行的大型調(diào)查告訴我們，美國(guó)年輕人去電影院的頻率 不像過(guò)去那么高了。題干中的going to the cinema much less often than they used to對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的not going to the cinema nearlyas often as they did in the past,故答案為E)。

37.【定位】由題干中的 Survey、teens、spend their leisure time和printed books定位到文章B)段第一、二句。

B)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，對(duì)自1976年以來(lái)在美國(guó)收集的一百多萬(wàn)個(gè)青少年的調(diào)研進(jìn)行分析后發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們度過(guò)休閑時(shí)間的方式發(fā)生了巨大變化。紙質(zhì)書(shū)籍正在被忽視，而電子屏幕卻備受喜愛(ài)。題干中的Survey analysis和spend their leisure time ondigitaldevices rather than reading printed books分別對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的Analysis of surveys和Paper books are  being ignored,in favorof screens,故答案為B)。

38.【定位】由題干中的The number of senior high schoolers和20 years定位到文章G)段第一二句。

G)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句提到，事實(shí)上，截至2016年，表示過(guò)去的一年沒(méi)有因?yàn)闃?lè)趣而讀過(guò)任何書(shū)籍的高中生人數(shù)達(dá)到了三分之一。這個(gè)數(shù)字是20年前的三倍。題干中的increased three times和over 20 years分別對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的triple和two decades ago,故答案為G)。

39.【定位】由題干中的Many scholars、doesn't neoessarily和other activities定位到文章D)段第三句。

D)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句指出，多年來(lái)，很多學(xué)者堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，上網(wǎng)時(shí)間不一定會(huì)占用花在傳統(tǒng)媒體或者其他活動(dòng)上的時(shí)間。題干中的time on clectronic devices和a decrease of time分別對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的time online和take away time,故答案為D)。

40.【定位】由題干中的spend much more time和 digital media定位到文章A)段第一句。

A)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，與十年前相比， 我們大多數(shù)人在數(shù)字媒體上花的時(shí)間更多了。題干中的interacting with digital media對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的spend much more time with digital media。題干中的 ten years ago對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的a decade ago。同時(shí)題干中的Most people是指原文中的Most of us,故答案為A)。

41.【定位】由題干中的a great loss和books andlonger articles定位到文章J)段第二句和最后一句。

J)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。J)段第二句指出，閱讀量的大幅下降可能對(duì)當(dāng)今青少年產(chǎn)生最大的負(fù)面影響。該段最后一句指出，如果嚴(yán)肅的閱讀消失了，很多東西也會(huì)隨之消失。題干中的a great loss和books and longerarticles分別對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的go with it和serious reading,故答案為J)。

42.【定位】由題干中的social media use和shifted定 位到文章C)段第一、二句。

C)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句提到青少年并不是一直花那么多時(shí)間在數(shù)字媒體上的。自2006年以來(lái)，上網(wǎng)時(shí)間翻了一番，而與此同時(shí)，數(shù)字媒體的使用也已經(jīng)從定期活動(dòng)變成了日?；顒?dòng)。題干中的shifted from 和an occasional activity to a routine one 對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的moved from 和a periodic activity to a dailyone,故答案為C)。

43.【定位】由題干中的disturbing trend和 far less time reading定位到文章F)段第一、二句。

F) 【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，但與青少年如 何分配時(shí)間的變化相比，與電影相關(guān)的趨勢(shì)沒(méi)有那么令人不安。研究顯示，青年人的閱讀量大幅下降。題干中的A moredisturbing trend和far less time reading分別對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的less disturbing和an enormous decline in reading,故答案為F)。

44.【定位】由題干中的high school seniors in America 和six hours aday定位到文章B)段第五句。

B)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，事實(shí)上，截至2016年，美國(guó)高中高年級(jí)學(xué)生說(shuō)他們?cè)诳臻e時(shí)間 里平均每天要花6個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間用于寫(xiě)短信、上社交媒體以及上網(wǎng)。題干中的Some five years ago和spent more than six hours a day on clectronic devices對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 by 2016和spent six hours a day writing text messages,on social media,and online,故答案為B)。

45.【定位】由題干中的 youngsters today和 earlier generations 定位到文章E)段最后一句。

E)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句指出，在另一項(xiàng)分析中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，如今的青少年與朋友外出的次數(shù)比前幾代人少得多。題干中的youngsters today、socialize和 carlier generations分別對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的today's teens、go out with their friends和previous generations,故答案為E。

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage isfollowed by some questions or wnfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D). You should decide on the best choiceand mark the coresponding leter on AnswerSheet 2 witha single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage

Have you ever wondered how acceptable itis to hug or touch someone?While it may sound safe to avoid all physical contact so as not to offend anyone,the lack of touching mightimply cold attitudes or indifference in interpersonal relationships.

So,what should we do?The simple answer is to thoroughly learn unique cultural norms for physical contact.In  nonverbal communication terminology(術(shù)語(yǔ)),physical contact and the study of touching are generally referredto as haptics.

Haptics in communication of ten suggest the level of intimacy.They are usually classified into two groups:high-contact and low-contact.

Asia and quite surprisingly the United States,Canada and Britain belong to low-contact cultures.People from the rest of the world,such as Latin America,are considered to be in high-contact cultures,where they tend to  expect touching in social interactions and feel more comfortable with physical closeness.Despite the classification there are more complex factors such as relational closeness,gender,age,and context that can affect how someone views physical contact.

One common French custom of greetings is cheek-kissing,but it is mostly restricted to friends,close acquaintances and family members.While cheek-kissing for Latin Americans is also a universal greeting form,it does not require such a high degree of relational closeness.However,gender matters more for them because check-kissing often only happens between women or a man and a woman but not two men.

In contrast,in certain Arabian,African,and Asian counries,men can publicly hold hands or show physical affection as signs of brotherhood or friendship while these behaviors may suggest a romantic relationship in other parts of theworld.Although men's touching is more normal in these cultures,physical contact between persons of opposite  sexes who are not family members is negatively perceived in Arabian countries.

These factors coulddefinitely affect thedegreeto which someone is comfortable with tactile (觸覺(jué)的)communication and physical intimacy.Therefore,if you are someone who loves to show physical affection,you should not be afraid to show it or drastically change your behaviors just ask for consent beforehand!

46.What doesthe author say in the first paragraph about physical contact?

A)Its role in interpersonal relationships is getting increasingly important.

B)It is becoming more acceptable to many who used to think itoffensive.

C)Its absence might suggest a lack of warmth in interpersonal relationships

D)It mightpromptdifferent responses from people of different social backgrounds.

47.What does physical contact in communication suggest?

A)What social class people belong to.

B)How civilized the communicators are.

C)What family background people come from.

D)How close thecommunicators'relationships  are.

48.Whatdo we learnabout people in high-contact cultures?

A)They are sensitive to the way people express their emotions.

B)They take touching as a cultural norm in social interactions

C)They attach great importance to close ties among people

D)Theytend tobe moreopen in interpersonalrelationships.

49.Whatdowe learn about social customs in Arabian countries?

A)Men can showfriendship in public through physical affection.

B)Non-traditional romantic relationships aresimply unacceptable.

C)Physical contact between unfamiliarpeople is negatively perceived

D)People of different ages and genders show affection in different ways.

50.What does the author tell us to do concerning tactilecommunication?

A)Lay emphasis on nonverbal communication

B)Learn to use appropriate body language first.

C)Pay attention to the differences between genders.

D)Take other people's preference into consideration.

答案解析

46.【定位】由題干中的 first paragraph和 physical contact定位到首段第二句。

C)【 精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，雖然避免一切身體接觸以免冒犯任何人聽(tīng)起來(lái)很穩(wěn)妥，但缺乏接觸可能意味著人際關(guān)系中的冷淡態(tài)度或漠不關(guān)心。由此可見(jiàn)，缺少身體接觸會(huì)讓人覺(jué)得你在人際交往中表現(xiàn)得不夠熱情，故答案為C)。

47.【定位】由題干中的physical contact、in communication和suggest定位到第二段最后一句和第三段第一句。

D)【精析】推理判斷題。由第二段最后一句可知，觸覺(jué)指的就是身體接觸和對(duì)觸碰的研究。第三段第一句提到，交流中的觸覺(jué)通常暗示著親密程度。由此可知，答案為D)。

48.【定位】由題干中的 people in high-contact cultures定位到第四段第二句。

B) 【 精析】推理判斷題。定位句指出，來(lái)自世界其他地區(qū)的人，如拉丁美洲人，被認(rèn)為處于高接觸文化中，他們往往會(huì)在社交互動(dòng)中期待接觸，并對(duì)身體上的親近感到更舒適。由此推斷出，觸摸是高接觸文化中的人在社交時(shí)的一種典型行為和習(xí)慣，屬于一種文化規(guī)范，故答案為B)。

49.【定位】由題干中的Arabian countries 定位到第六段第一句。

A)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句提到，在某些阿拉伯、非洲和亞洲國(guó)家，男性可以公開(kāi)握手或有身體上的親近行為，并將其視為兄弟情誼或友誼的象征， 而在世界其他地區(qū)這些行為可能暗示戀愛(ài)關(guān)系。 由此可見(jiàn)，在阿拉伯國(guó)家，男性可以在公共場(chǎng)合通  過(guò)身體接觸來(lái)表達(dá)友誼，故答案為A)。

50.【定位】由題干中的tactile communication定位到 最后一段第一句。

D)【精析】推理判斷題。定位句指出，有些因素會(huì)影響人們對(duì)觸覺(jué)交流和身體親密的舒適程度。這就意味著不同人對(duì)身體接觸的接受度是不一樣的。 因此，作者在下一句提出建議，如果你是一個(gè)喜歡表現(xiàn)身體親近的人，要在有身體接觸之前征得對(duì)方允許，故答案為D)。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage

From climate change to the ongoing pandemic(大流行病)and beyond,the issues facing today's world are  increasingly complex and dynamic.Yet solving problems like these requires new approaches that extend beyond traditional ways of thinking.A study led by Yale Professor of Psychology,Paul O'Keefe,found that having a growth mindset(思維傾向)of interest may spark this type of innovation.

Professor O'Keefe established in earlier studies thatpeople hold different beliefs about the nature of interest.Those with a growth mindset ofinterest tend to believe that interests can be developed and cultivated,while those with a fixed mindset of interest tend to believe that interests are inherent(與生俱有的)and simply need to be 'found.'Building on these findings,the latest research examined how a growth mindset of interest can boost integrative thinking across the traditional disciplinary boundaries of arts and sciences.

For example,in one task,research participants were instructed to create new college majors by combining two or more existing academic Arts or Science programs at their university.After coding and analyzing the ideas they generated,the team found that people with a growth mindset of interest were more likely to bridge programs across the arts and sciences to create new majors like computational economics rather than creating majors thatdrew from only one of those areas,like computational chemistry.

As Professor O'Keefe pointed out,“This research provides a useful direction for organizations whose products and services call for integrated and creative solutions.Take smartphones for example.You need not only computer science and engineering knowledge,but also an understanding of psychology and visual design to create a better product. Employees with a growth mindset may be more likely to devise innovative ideas thatbridge multiple areas of knowledge to achieve better solutions.”

The benefits of a growth mindset of interest may also extend to those seeking employment.This is a pressing issue because many people are becoming unemployed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Having a growth mindset of  interest can help job seekers expand their interests and become more adaptable to different fields,and take the initiative to learn newskills.

51.What does the author say about theworld today?

A)It faces problems that are getting morevaried and complicated.

B)It has done away with many of the traditional ways of thinking.

C)It isundergoing radical and profound changes.

D)It is witnessing various types ofinnovations.

52.What did Professor O'Keefe find inhis earlier studies?

A)People's interests tend to change with age.

B)People's interests determine their mindsets.

C)People are divided about thenatureof interest.

D)Peopleof different ages have different mindsets.

53.What is the focus o Professor O'Keefe's recent research?

A)How boundaries can be removed between arts and science disciplines.

B)How feasible it is to create new disciplines like computational economics.

C)How students in arts and sciences view the twotypesof mindset of interest.

D)How a growth mindset of interest can contribute to cross-disciplinary thinking.

54.What does the author want to illustrate with the example of smartphones? 

A)Hi-tech products are needed in interdisciplinary research.

B)Improved technology gives birth to highly popular products.

C)Making innovative products needs multidisciplinary knowledge.

D)Hi-tech products can boost people's integrative thinking.

55.What is the author's suggestion to those who are seeking employment?

A)Learning practicalskills

B)Broadening their interests.

C)Staying safe inthe pandemic.

D)Knowing their pressingissues.

答案解析

51.【定位】由題干中的 world today 定位到首段第一句。

A)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，從氣候變化到目前的大流行病以及其他問(wèn)題，當(dāng)今世界的問(wèn)題越來(lái)越復(fù)雜和多變。A)中的varied and complicated對(duì)應(yīng)原文中complex and dynamic,故答案為A)。

52.【定位】由題干中的Professor OKcefe和 carlier studies定位到第二段第一句。

C)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句提到，奧基夫教授在早期的研究中證實(shí)，人們對(duì)興趣的本質(zhì)持有不同的看法，即存在分歧。C) 中的divided 對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的different, 故為答案。

53.【定位】由題干中的 Professor OKeefe's recent rescarch定位到第二段第三句。

D)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題，定位句指出，在這些發(fā)現(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，最新的研究檢驗(yàn)了興趣增長(zhǎng)型思維是如何促進(jìn)跨人文和科學(xué)的傳統(tǒng)學(xué)科邊界的綜合性思維的。因此，奧基夫最近的研究重點(diǎn)即興趣增長(zhǎng)型思維模式如何促進(jìn)跨學(xué)科思維，故答案為D)。

54.【定值】由題干中的smartphones定位到第四段第二句。

C)【精析】推理判斷題。定位句提到以智能手機(jī)為例，而舉例子的目的可在下文找到。該段后兩句提到，你不僅需要計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)和工程知識(shí)，還需要對(duì)心理學(xué)和視覺(jué)設(shè)計(jì)有所理解，才能創(chuàng)造出更好的產(chǎn)品。而具有成長(zhǎng)型思維的員工更可能謀劃出跨越多個(gè)知識(shí)領(lǐng)域的創(chuàng)新想法，以實(shí)現(xiàn)更好的解決方案。由此可見(jiàn)，制造創(chuàng)新性產(chǎn)品需要具備多學(xué)科知識(shí)，故答案為C)。

55.【定位】由題干中的 sceking employment定位到最后一段第一句。

B)【精析】推理判斷題。定位句指出，興趣增長(zhǎng)型思維的好處也可能延伸到那些尋求就業(yè)的人身上。該段最后解釋說(shuō)，擁有興趣增長(zhǎng)型思維可以幫助求職者拓展興趣，更好地適應(yīng)不同領(lǐng)域。由此可知，求職者應(yīng)當(dāng)拓展興趣，以增加就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，故答案為B)。