額頭上的皺紋和心血管疾病有關?。?！

在東西方文化里，皺紋都是運勢衰退的先兆——老年正式到來的明確標志。

But while forehead wrinkles are common, even among young people, those with deeper and more numerous brow lines may have something far more ominous to worry about than simple, inevitable ageing.

額上的皺紋，即使在年輕人中也不罕見;比起不可避免的衰老，那些皺紋更深更多的人可能還會有一些特別的麻煩。

A new study has found that brow wrinkles may in fact be an early warning of heart disease, and scientists still aren't sure why.

一項新的研究發(fā)現皺紋實際上可能是心臟病的早期預警，科學家們仍未確定原因。

"You can't see or feel risk factors like high cholesterol or hypertension," saysstudy author Yolande Esquirol, a physician and biomedical researcher at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse in France.

“你無法看到或感受到高膽固醇或高血壓等風險因素，”研究的作者Yolande Esquirol說，他是法國圖盧茲大學醫(yī)院和醫(yī)院的醫(yī)生和生物醫(yī)學研究員。

"We explored forehead wrinkles as a marker because it's so simple and visual. Just looking at a person's face could sound an alarm, then we could give advice to lower risk".

“我們將額頭皺紋作為標志，因為它非常簡單和直觀。如果只要看看一個人的臉就能知道他的健康狀況，那無疑可以十分方便地給出針對性的健康建議”。

It sounds crazy, but if the connection is verified, forehead wrinkles could join a whole bunch of other strange and unusual assessments for heart disease, including creased earlobes, loose teeth, male pattern baldness, clubbed fingernails, cataracts in the eye, and swelling in the hands, ankles, or feet.

這聽起來很瘋狂，但如果得到驗證，包括前額皺紋在內，未來的體檢中可能會加入一系列稀奇古怪、不同尋常的心臟疾病評估項目：褶皺耳垂，牙齒松動，男性禿發(fā)，杵狀指甲，眼內白內障和手、腳踝或腳浮腫。

To be clear, not all wrinkles convey this risk. Past research, for example, has found that crow's feet - the tiny lines that radiate from the corners of our eyes - are not linked to heart disease, but rather, are a simple consequence of ageing and movement.

要清楚，并非所有皺紋都預示著風險。例如，過去的研究發(fā)現，魚尾紋與心臟病無關，而是衰老和臉部表情頻繁的結果。

Nor do these physical signs of heart disease replace deeper and more thorough medical testing. They are simply an easy and low-cost way for doctors to identify which of their patients are at a higher-risk of developing heart disease later on in life.

這些心臟病體征也無法取代更深入、更徹底的醫(yī)學檢測。對于醫(yī)生而言，它們只是一種簡單、低成本的方法，可以粗略判斷哪些患者在以后的生活中患心臟病概率更高。

"Of course, if you have a person with a potential cardiovascular risk, you have to check classical risk factors like blood pressure as well as lipid and blood glucose levels, but you could already share some recommendations on lifestyle factors," Esquirol explains.

“當然，如果你是潛在的心血管疾病患者，你必須完成經典的醫(yī)學檢查，如血壓、血脂和血糖水平。”Esquirol解釋說。

The study examined horizontal forehead wrinkles in a group of 3,200 working adults - all of whom were deemed to be in good health, and were aged 32, 42, 52, and 62 at the beginning of the study.

研究人員檢查了3200名在職成年人額上的水平皺紋——他們身體健康，在研究開始時年齡分為四組，分別為32歲，42歲，52歲和62歲。

After being given a score out of three for the number and depth of their brow wrinkles, the researchers followed these participants for two decades.

將他們皺紋按數量和深度分為三個等級，隨后，研究人員跟蹤觀察這些參與者二十年之久。

Out of the 233 people who died for various reasons during the course of the study, 15.2 percent had scored a two or a three for their brow wrinkles, 6.6 percent had scored a one, and 2.1 percent had scored a perfect zero (meaning they had no forehead wrinkles).

20年中因各種原因死亡的233人，15.2%的人皺紋為2或3分，6.6%得分為1分，2.1%得分為零(意味著他們沒有額頭紋)。

What the data showed was that with every increase in wrinkle score, the risk of dying from cardiovascular disease increased. While there was a slightly higher risk from zero to one, those who had wrinkle scores of two and three had almost 10 times the risk of dying from heart disease than those who scored zero.

數據顯示，隨著皺紋評分的升高，死于心血管疾病的風險就會增加。雖然從0到1的風險只是略微升高，但那些得分為2和3的人死于心臟病的風險幾乎是那些得分為零的人的10倍。

And this was true even after the researchers took into account other factors that predict heart disease like age, gender, job strain, education, smoking status, blood pressure, heart rate, diabetes, and lipid levels.

即使在研究人員考慮到心臟病的其他因素如年齡，性別，工作壓力，教育程度，吸煙狀況，血壓，心率，糖尿病和血脂水平之后，情況也是如此。

"The higher your wrinkle score, the more your cardiovascular mortality risk increases," concludes Esquirol.

“你的皺紋程度得分越高，你因心血管疾病死亡的風險就越高。”Esquirol總結道。

The reason or reasons behind this connection are still not yet understood. But the authors think that forehead wrinkles may be a marker of atherosclerosis – a major contributor to heart attacks that occurs when plaque builds up in our arteries.

這種聯(lián)系背后的原因尚不清楚。但是作者認為前額皺紋可能是動脈粥樣硬化的標志——粥樣動脈硬化的主要原因是血小板在我們的動脈中積聚成塊。

As the arteries become thick and stiff, blood flow that carries nutrients and oxygen to important organs and tissues can be restricted.

隨著動脈變得僵硬狹窄，妨礙了流向重要器官和組織的血液。

Just like atherosclerosis, wrinkles are also linked to changes in plaque collagen and reductions in oxygen availability.

就像粥樣動脈硬化一樣，皺紋也與血小板膠原蛋白的變化和氧氣供應的減少有關。

Because the blood vessels in the forehead are so minute, they are especially vulnerable. The researchers propose that even small changes in plaque build-up could alter their function and appearance.

因為額頭上的血管是如此微小，所以它們也特別脆弱。研究人員提出，即使血小板積聚造成的微小變化也可能改變其功能和外觀。

"This is the first time a link has been established between cardiovascular risk and forehead wrinkles, so the findings do need to be confirmed in future studies," cautions Esquirol, "but the practice could be used now in physicians' offices and clinics."

“這是第一次在心血管風險和前額皺紋之間建立聯(lián)系，所以這些發(fā)現確實還需在未來的研究中得到進一步證實。”Esquirol警告說，“但現在就可以用于一般門診。”

"It doesn't cost anything and there is no risk".

“它沒有任何成本，也沒有風險”。