3．古塔古寺添秀色

3．古塔古寺添秀色

安陽除了殷墟以外還有許多的名勝古跡，著名的有修定寺塔、靈泉寺、石窟及文鋒塔等。

修定寺塔　中國古代佛教建筑位于安陽市區(qū)西北35千米處的清涼山南麓，俗稱“唐塔”。最早建于南北朝時(shí)，在唐代時(shí)重修。修定寺塔的建造藝術(shù)極其罕見，塔身呈正方形，遠(yuǎn)看就像一頂坐北朝南的方橋，全塔的塔身全部是華麗壯觀的磚浮雕。因?yàn)樗肀砻姹橥恳粚娱偌t色，所以又稱“紅塔”（現(xiàn)紅色大部分已脫落）。塔由塔基、塔身、塔頂三部分組成。全塔鑲嵌著高浮雕磚，僅塔身四壁就用模制的菱形、矩形、三角形、五邊形以及直線和曲線組合的各種型制的雕磚3775塊、圖案76種，裝飾面積達(dá)300多平方米。在塔的北邊1千米的清涼山，還有“金水池”、“雞鳴犬叫石”、“元寶石”等名勝可供游人觀賞。

●修定寺塔

靈泉寺及石窟　靈泉寺及石窟群位于安陽市區(qū)西南的寶山山谷之中。靈泉寺原名叫做寶山寺，始建于東魏，隋朝時(shí)才改名為靈泉寺。靈泉寺遺址坐北朝南，中軸線上依次有山門、天王殿、玉皇閣、大佛殿、菩薩殿、千手千眼佛殿等。寺中還有唐代九級(jí)方石塔一對(duì)，高6米，造型優(yōu)美，塔身雕刻的各種人物形態(tài)各異，栩栩如生，反映出唐代高超的雕繪藝術(shù)。

在萬佛溝內(nèi)，現(xiàn)存2座石窟，塔（殿宇）龕245個(gè)，佛、僧雕像數(shù)百尊，高僧銘記100多篇。在寺東和寺西分別是大留圣窟和大住圣窟，以兩窟為中心，從東到西有1000余米，淺龕造像密布山崖，刻于南北朝至北宋時(shí)期，歷時(shí)600多年。寺院東西兩山共有石窟247座，是研究中國古代建筑史、石刻藝術(shù)史、佛教史的珍貴文物。

到北宋時(shí)期，由于戰(zhàn)亂和經(jīng)濟(jì)文化中心的南移，靈泉寺逐漸荒蕪起來，后來在一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)亂后，靈泉寺基本被毀滅。近年來，當(dāng)?shù)卣鸯`泉寺作為整個(gè)森林公園人文景點(diǎn)和佛教圣地經(jīng)典來開發(fā)，這座千年古剎再度放出異彩。

文峰塔　文峰塔位于安陽市古城的西北角，原名叫做天寧寺塔。文峰塔修造于五代后周時(shí)期，雖經(jīng)歷了多次的天災(zāi)與人禍，至今依然屹立，巍峨壯觀。

文峰塔的建筑，富有獨(dú)特的風(fēng)格，具有上大下小的特點(diǎn)，呈傘狀，這種建筑風(fēng)格在中國古塔中是很少見的。塔坐落在一個(gè)高達(dá)2米的磚砌臺(tái)基上。文峰塔為八角塔，8個(gè)角上都有巨龍環(huán)繞的盤龍柱，上面加有鐵鏈枷鎖，非常壯觀。8根龍柱之間，有8幅磚浮雕佛教故事圖像：正南面的是三身佛像；西南角是釋迦佛說法像；西面為悉達(dá)多太子誕生圖像；西北角一幅是釋迦佛雪山苦行修定像；北面為觀音菩薩與善財(cái)龍女像；東北角是佛為天人說法像；東面一幅為釋迦佛涅槃像；東南角是波斯慝王及王后侍佛聞法像。這些浮雕造型生動(dòng)，神情逼真，姿態(tài)自然，栩栩如生，可以稱得上藝術(shù)珍品。八角的檐頭上都系有銅鈴。塔身底層的4個(gè)正面是精致的園券門，券門上有磚，并雕刻有精美的二龍戲珠圖。四門中除了南門外其他3座門都是裝飾用的。塔均為磚木結(jié)構(gòu)，以磚砌為主，塔的最下層立于蓮花座之上。塔的8個(gè)面壁上分別裝飾有直欞窗、園券門和佛畫故事磚雕，刻工細(xì)致，形象逼真，造型動(dòng)人。

3. Ancient Pagodas and Temples

Yin ruins are not the only ancient memory of Anyang. Among the most famous are Xiuding Temple Pagoda, Lingquan Temple and Grottoes as well as Wenfeng Pagoda.

Pagoda of Xiuding Temple

Commonly known as Tang Pagoda, Pagoda of Xiuding Temple is a Buddhist construction situated at the south foot of Qingliang Mountain 35 kilometers northwest from the Anyang city. The pagoda was first built in Northern and Southern Dynasties and later rebuilt in the Tang dynasty.

The style of the pagoda is rare in the history of architecture. With the body built in a square shape, the pagoda looks like a square bridge from the distance. Since it used to be painted jacinth, it was also known as "the Red Pagoda". Consisting of the pedestal, the body, and the roof, Pagoda of Xiuding Temple is covered by bricks carved in the shape of a rhombus, a rectangle, a triangle a pentagon, or simply lines and curves. Altogether, there are 3,775 such bricks of 76 types of design decorating more than 300 square meters. One kilometer north of the pagoda there are other sites for people to enjoy: the Golden Water Pond, the Chicken Crowing and Dog Barking Stone, the Ingot-shape Stone, etc.

Situated in the Baoshan Valley, which is in the southwest of Anyang city, Lingquan Temple was first built in the Eastern Wei dynasty. Originally named Baoshan Temple, it began to have its present name in the Sui dynasty. Facing south, the temple had series of Buddhist halls along its axis. Starting from the entrance, they are in succession the Gate, the Hall of the Four Heavenly Guardians, the Hall of the Jade Emperor, the Hall of Giant Buddha, the Hall of Bodhisattvas and the Hall of the 1000-Armed-and-1000-Eyed Buddha. Most famous in the temple is a pair of 6-meter-high stone pagodas of the Tang dynasty, which have astonished the world for the vivid carvings on the pagodas.

In the Ten-Thousand-Buddha Gully, there are two grottos, 245 stupa niches, over 100 Buddhist scriptures and hundreds of statues of Buddhas. To the east and to the west of the temple there is a saint grotto respectively. With the two grottoes as the center, the mountain which extends more than 1,000 meters from east to west is decorated with 247 shallow niches and statues carved from the Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Northern Song dynasty. They are important cultural treasures for the study of ancient architecture, stone carving and development of Buddhism.

In the Northern Song dynasty, due to years of wars and the southward move of the economic and cultural centers, Lingquan Temple said goodbye to its heydays. The original temple was almost destroyed in a war.

In recent years, the local government has given the centuries old temple a second life by building the temple into a holy land of Buddhism and by establishing a forest park with the temple as the center.