旅行的藝術(shù):風(fēng)景 Ⅴ 鄉(xiāng)村與城市-5

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1798年的夏天，華茲華斯和她的妹妹來(lái)到了威爾士的瓦伊河谷。在這里，華茲華斯親身體驗(yàn)到了自然的力量，這種體驗(yàn)隨后在他的詩(shī)作中流露出來(lái)，并且伴隨詩(shī)人一生。這已是詩(shī)人二度造訪瓦伊河谷。5年前，他曾到過(guò)此處，隨后的一段日子卻相繼經(jīng)歷了許多不愉快的事件：他在倫敦這個(gè)讓他恐懼的城市呆過(guò)；他因?yàn)榻佑|戈德溫 [4] 的著作而改變了政治觀點(diǎn)；他通過(guò)結(jié)識(shí)柯爾律治 [5] 轉(zhuǎn)變了作為詩(shī)人的使命感；他還親眼看到羅伯斯庇爾 [6] 在法國(guó)實(shí)行的恐怖統(tǒng)治。

In the summer of 1798, Wordsworth and his sister went on a walking holiday along the Wye valley in Wales, where William had a moment of revelation about the power of Nature which was to resonate through his poetry for the rest of his life. It was his second visit to the valley; he had walked along it five years before and in the intervening period he had gone through a succession of unhappy experiences. He had spent time in London, a city he feared, he had altered his political views by reading Godwin, he had transformed his sense of a poet's mission through his friendship with Coleridge and he had travelled across a revolutionary France wrecked by Robespierre's Great Terror.

再度來(lái)到瓦伊河谷時(shí)，詩(shī)人坐在一棵楓樹底下。居高臨下地欣賞著河谷、河流、周圍的山崖、灌木樹籬以及森林，詩(shī)人受到了感召，寫出了或許是生平最好的詩(shī)作。他曾這樣表示：“創(chuàng)作這首詩(shī)所處的狀態(tài)，比起任何其他一首，給我留下更美好的回憶。”詩(shī)的正題為《廷特恩修道院上方幾英里所成之詩(shī)行》，副題為“1798年7月13日重訪瓦伊河畔之作”，他藉由此詩(shī)贊頌了大自然使心靈復(fù)原的魔力。

Back by the Wye, Wordsworth found an elevated spot, sat under a sycamore tree, looked out across the valley and its river, cliffs, hedgerows and forests-and was inspired to write perhaps his greatest poem. At least, 'no poem of mine was composed under circumstances more pleasant for me to remember than this,' he later explained of Lines written a few miles above Tintern Abbey , which he subtitled On revisiting the banks of the Wye during a Tour. July 13,1798, an ode to the restorative powers of nature.

雖然闊別多日，

Though absent long,

與那山林的美景相隔千里，

These forms of beauty have not been to me,

但正像盲人心中的千山萬(wàn)水，

As is a landscape to a blind man's eye:

時(shí)常，在寂寞的屋子里

But oft, in lonely rooms, and 'mid the din

或在市井的喧囂中，我得以

Of towns and cities, I have owed to them,

在困頓疲憊中，感到一種甜蜜

In hours of weariness, sensations sweet …

獲得寧?kù)o的回歸

With tranquil restoration.

城鎮(zhèn)和鄉(xiāng)間的對(duì)立，成了這首詩(shī)的骨干，詩(shī)人不斷提醒我們，只有鄉(xiāng)野才能對(duì)抗城市的不良影響。

The dichotomy of town and country formed a backbone to the poem, the latter repeatedly invoked as a counter to the pernicious influence of the former.

不知多少次，

how oft,

不管在黑暗，還是在變化多端、

In darkness, and amid the many shapes

憂郁的光線中，輾轉(zhuǎn)反側(cè)

Of joyless day-light; when the fretful stir

一無(wú)所獲。世界的譫妄

Unprofitable, and the fever of the world,

壓在我心的悸動(dòng)之上。

Have hung upon the beatings of my heart,

不知多少次，我轉(zhuǎn)向你

How oft, in spirit, have I turned to thee

鄉(xiāng)間的瓦伊河！你在林中蜿蜒，

O sylvan Wye! Thou wanderer through the woods,

不知多少次，你讓我魂縈夢(mèng)繞！

How often has my spirit turned to thee!

這種感激在《序曲》中重現(xiàn)，而詩(shī)人再度表示，大自然對(duì)他施惠良多。他認(rèn)為自己之所以身處城市，卻不被城市生活所助長(zhǎng)的卑劣情感所污染，全憑大自然的力量。

An expression of gratitude that was to recur in The Prelude, where the poet once more acknowledged his debt to Nature for allowing him to dwell in cities without succumbing to the base emotions he held they habitually fostered:

如果，與世界水乳交融，我已滿足

If, mingling with the world, I am content

以小小的快樂(lè)，度日

With my own modest pleasures, and have lived

……遠(yuǎn)離

… removed

小小的仇恨和卑劣的欲望

From little enmities and low desires,

這些是你所賜……

The gift is yours …

你的風(fēng)和咆哮的瀑布！都是你的，

Ye winds and sounding cataracts!'tis yours,

你的高山！噢，你的大自然！

Ye mountains! thine, O Nature!

菲利普·德·盧泰爾堡：《廷特恩修道院旁的懷河河谷》，1805年