2015英語專八人文知識復習：美國概況(3)

題目：
1. How many members are there in the House of Commons?

A. 650 B. 524 C. 72 D. 651

2. Which of the following people didn’t use to be the British Prime Minister?

A. Margaret Thatcher B. Winston Churchill C. Horatio Nelson D. John Major

3. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed _____ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.

A. Prime Minister B. Member of Parliament C. Lord of appeal D. Speaker of the House

4. The Tories were the forerunners of _____, which still bears this nickname today.

A. the Labor Party B. the Conservative Party C. the Liberal Party D. the Social Democratic Party

5. In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ____ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.

A. largest B. second largest C. third largest D. fourth largest

6. The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’s _____ decline.

A. political B. educational C. military D. economic

7. The 1980s was remembered as the decade of _____.

A. globalization B. nationalization C. privatization D. competition

8. Today, in Britain, ______ is called a “sick” industry.

A. coal mining B. iron and steel C. textiles D. shipbuilding

9. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ____ modified and improved the design in 1765.

A. Abraham Darby B. James Watt C. John Kay D. Richard Arkwrightthe

10. ______ created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism.

A. The Chartist Movement B. The Industrial Revolution C. The French Revolution D. The Glorious Revolution

答案

1. D, 下議院共有651名議員。

2. C, 撒切爾夫人，丘吉爾和梅杰都曾經(jīng)做過英國首相;而納爾遜(1758-1805)，英國海軍統(tǒng)帥，因作戰(zhàn)負傷，右眼失明，失去右臂。后任地中海艦隊司令，在特法爾加角海戰(zhàn)中大敗西班牙聯(lián)合艦隊，本人受重傷陣亡，號稱 Viscount Nelson。

3. A, 在英國，按照傳統(tǒng)，多數(shù)黨的領導人由君主任命為首相，首相從本黨內(nèi)部挑選一些領導人擔任各部部長職位。

4. B, 托利黨是英國保守黨的前身。

5. B, 在英國，在下議院中贏得第二席位的政黨為反對黨，它也有它自己的領導和影子內(nèi)閣(shadow cabinet)。

6. D, 現(xiàn)在“英國病”這一術語經(jīng)常用來指英國經(jīng)濟上的衰退。

7. C, 正如20世紀40年代被看作是國有化的時代一樣，20世紀80年代被看作是私有化的時代。包括英國石油、航空、鋼鐵、電訊在內(nèi)的幾乎40% 的國有公司實現(xiàn)了私有化。

8. A, 英國煤礦業(yè)被稱為生病工業(yè)。英國的煤產(chǎn)量在一戰(zhàn)前達到頂點，如今的英國的煤礦業(yè)衰退，從而導致礦工的數(shù)量、煤礦的總產(chǎn)量大大下降。

9. B, 第一臺蒸汽機是 Thomas Newcomer 在17世紀末設計的，后來蘇格蘭發(fā)明家瓦特在1765年對原有的設計進行了改進提高，生產(chǎn)出了第一臺高效的蒸汽機并應用到紡織和其他機械業(yè)中。

10. B, 工業(yè)革命產(chǎn)生了工人階級，即無產(chǎn)階級。后來形成了工會制度。