外國(guó)人最想和你聊的名人話題：弗蘭西斯·培根

About Bacon關(guān)于培根

     Francis Bacon was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, lawyer, jurist, author and pioneer of the scientific method. He served both as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England. Although his political career ended in disgrace, he remained extremely influential through his works, especially as philosophical advocate and practitioner of the scientific method during the scientific revolution.
     Bacon has been called the father of empiricism. His works established and popularized inductive methodologies for scientific inquiry, often called the Baconian method, or simply the scientific method. His demand for a planned procedure of investigating all things natural marked a new turn in the rhetorical and theoretical framework for science, much of which still surrounds conceptions of proper methodology today. His dedication probably led to his death, bringing him into a rare historical group of scientists who were killed by their own experiments.
     Bacon was knighted in 1603, and created both the Baron Verulam in 1618, and the Viscount St Alban in 1621; as he died without heirs both peerages became extinct upon his death. He famously died of pneumonia contracted while studying the effects of freezing on the preservation of meat.
     培根尖銳地批判了中世紀(jì)經(jīng)院哲學(xué)，認(rèn)為經(jīng)院哲學(xué)和神學(xué)嚴(yán)重地阻礙了科學(xué)的進(jìn)步，主張要全面改造人類的知識(shí)，使整個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)文化從經(jīng)院哲學(xué)中解放出來(lái)，實(shí)現(xiàn)偉大的復(fù)興。他認(rèn)為，科學(xué)必須追求自然界事物的原因和規(guī)律。要達(dá)到這個(gè)目的，就必須以感官經(jīng)驗(yàn)為依據(jù)。他提出了唯物主義經(jīng)驗(yàn)論的原則，認(rèn)為知識(shí)和觀念起源于感性世界，感覺(jué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)是一切知識(shí)的源泉。要獲得自然的科學(xué)知識(shí)，就必須把認(rèn)識(shí)建筑在感覺(jué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上。他還提出了經(jīng)驗(yàn)歸納法，主張以實(shí)驗(yàn)和觀察材料為基礎(chǔ)，經(jīng)過(guò)分析、比較、選擇、排除，最后得出正確的結(jié)論。
     培根一生在學(xué)問(wèn)上成就很大，然而作為政客他飽嘗了仕途艱辛。做女王掌璽大臣的父親去世后，他一直未得到女王的重用。直到詹姆斯一世當(dāng)政，他才逐漸得到升遷，先后擔(dān)任過(guò)法院院長(zhǎng)、檢察長(zhǎng)、掌璽大臣等，還被封男爵、子爵等貴族尊號(hào)。然而，后來(lái)他又被免除了一切官職。成為平民之后，培根將全部的精力投入到學(xué)問(wèn)研究中，他最終成為中世紀(jì)英國(guó)著名的唯物主義哲學(xué)創(chuàng)始者。1626年4月培根離開(kāi)了人世。
Part 2 Key words ＆amp; Sentences關(guān)鍵詞句全知道
     Bacon dedicated to the King a paper.
     培根向國(guó)王遞呈了一份奏章。
     "A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds." Francis Bacon.
     智者創(chuàng)造比發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的機(jī)會(huì)。--培根
     Francis Bacon considers the evils of excess study: laziness, affectation and preciosity.
     弗蘭西斯·培根認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)上的三大敵人是懶惰，虛偽和造作。
     Benedict traces relativism back to 16th-century English philosopher Francis Bacon and his godless idea of "faith in progress".
     本尼迪克認(rèn)為相對(duì)主義源于16世紀(jì)英國(guó)哲學(xué)家培根和他"進(jìn)步中的信仰"的無(wú)神主義思想。
     Francis Bacon advocated the use of scientific method and RenéDescartes (1596-1650) proposed a critical rationalism.
     弗蘭西斯·培根倡導(dǎo)科學(xué)方法的運(yùn)用，勒內(nèi)·笛卡爾提出一種批判的理性主義。
     Following the English empiricist Francis Bacon, Popper as a critical rationalist who first studied the problem and made it profound.
     批判理性主義者波普爾是繼近代英國(guó)經(jīng)驗(yàn)論者弗蘭西斯·培根之后第一個(gè)對(duì)此問(wèn)題作深入探討的現(xiàn)代哲學(xué)家。
     The Freud was part of a sale of post-war and contemporary art which included works by Francis Bacon and Andy Warhol and had a total value of almost NT$4.9 billion.
     弗洛伊德的這幅肖像畫(huà)只是"戰(zhàn)后及當(dāng)代藝術(shù)"類拍賣品之一，包括弗蘭西斯·培根與安迪·沃荷的作品在內(nèi)，拍賣總成交價(jià)逼近新臺(tái)幣四十九億元。
     "Knowledge is power", a slogan by Francis Bacon of 400 years ago has turned into reality. Knowledge has become the main motive force and source of the global economic development.
     "知識(shí)就是力量"，400年前培根的名言在今天成為事實(shí)，知識(shí)已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)今推動(dòng)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的主要?jiǎng)恿驮慈?br />      Cambridge has been producing so many great scientists and thinkers Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and Francis Bacon, and made important contribution to the progress of human civilization.
     劍橋舉世聞名，培養(yǎng)出牛頓、達(dá)爾文、培根等許多杰出的科學(xué)家、思想家，為人類文明進(jìn)步作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。
     Francis Bacon maintained that the three most important inventions were gunpowder, the magnetic compass and printing.
     弗蘭西斯·培根強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)三項(xiàng)最重要的發(fā)明是火藥、羅盤和印刷術(shù)。
Part 3 Let's Talk！開(kāi)始交流吧！
     Mike: I don't want to study, I want to play.
     麥克：我不想學(xué)了，我想出去玩。
     Daisy: But you have been studying for only one hour.
     黛西：但你只學(xué)了一個(gè)小時(shí)而已。
     Mike: I don't know whether it is useful.
     麥克：我不知道學(xué)這個(gè)是否有用。
     Daisy: Have you not heard what Bacon said knowledge is power?
     黛西：你沒(méi)聽(tīng)過(guò)培根說(shuō)知識(shí)就是力量嗎？
     Mike: I highly doubt that, the wealthiest man in the world Bill Gate is a college dropout.
     麥克：我很懷疑，世界上最富有的人比爾·蓋茨是個(gè)輟學(xué)學(xué)生。
     Daisy: He has learned knowledge in other ways.
     黛西：他通過(guò)其他方式學(xué)習(xí)了知識(shí)。
     Mike: Speaking of Francis Bacon, I heard he is sly.
     麥克：說(shuō)起培根，我聽(tīng)說(shuō)他很奸詐。
     Daisy: He is, but he is very intelligent and successful.
     黛西：確實(shí)是，但他也非常聰明，而且成功。
     Mike: I don't know whether he should be respected.
     麥克：我不知道是不是應(yīng)該尊敬他。
     Daisy: As a scholar some of his words are proved to be right.
     黛西：作為一個(gè)學(xué)者，他很多的說(shuō)法都是對(duì)的。
     Mike: Ok, I'll read for another hour.
     麥克：好的，我再看一個(gè)小時(shí)。
     Daisy: You are a good student.
     黛西：你真是個(gè)好學(xué)生。